Vocabulary

Question 1

nationalism

Answer 1

patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts

Question 2

risorgimento

Answer 2

resurgence or revival), was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century

Question 3

young Italy movement

Answer 3

was a political movement for Italian youth (under age 40) founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini.

Question 4

Gluseppe Mazzini

Answer 4

Italian patriot and revolutionary.

Question 5

Gluseppe Garibaldi

Answer 5

1807–82, Italian patriot and general.

Question 6

liberal

Answer 6

open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values.

Question 7

unfication

Answer 7

the process of being united or made into a whole.

Question 8

Otto von Bismarck

Answer 8

1815–98, German statesman: first chancellor of modern German Empire 1871–90.

Question 9

Kaiser

Answer 9

the German emperor, the emperor of Austria, or the head of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 10

the zoliverain

Answer 10

the customs union of German states in the 19th century.

Question 11

the junkers

Answer 11

a German nobleman or aristocrat, especially a member of the Prussian aristocracy

Question 12

Franco - Prussian war

Answer 12

The war of 1870–71 between France (under Napoleon III) and Prussia, in which Prussian troops advanced into France and decisively defeated the French at Sedan.

Question 13

realpolitik

Answer 13

a system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.

Question 14

czar Alexander

Answer 14

Russia whose plans to liberalize the government of Russia were unrealized because of the wars with Napoleon (1777-1825)

Question 15

emancipation

Answer 15

the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.

Question 16

serfs

Answer 16

an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate.

Question 17

social democratic party

Answer 17

a political party in Germany advocating a form of social organization based on the economic and political ideology of Karl Marx.

Question 18

autocrats

Answer 18

a ruler who has absolute power.

Question 19

pogroms

Answer 19

an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jews in Russia or eastern Europe.

Question 20

nihlists

Answer 20

the rejection of all religious and moral principles, often in the belief that life is meaningless

Question 21

duma

Answer 21

a legislative body in the ruling assembly of Russia and of some other republics of the former Soviet Union.

Question 22

Tanzimat reforms

Answer 22

series of reforms promulgated in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876 under the reigns of the sultans Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz.

Question 23

dual monoarchy

Answer 23

occurs when two separate kingdoms are ruled by the same monarch, follow the same foreign policy, exist in a customs union with each other and have a combined military but are otherwise self-governing

Question 24

Crimean war

Answer 24

was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to March 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.

Question 25

treaty of san sterfano

Answer 25

was a treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire signed at San Stefano, then a village west of Constantinople, …

Question 26

militarism

Answer 26

the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

Question 27

alliance system

Answer 27

a formal agreement or treaty between two or more nations to cooperate for specific purposes.

Question 28

triple alliance

Answer 28

also known as the Triplice, was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed on 20 May 1882 and renewed periodically until World War I.

Question 29

triple entente

Answer 29

an informal understanding among Great Britain, France, and Russia based on a Franco-Russian military alliance (1894), an Anglo-French entente (1904), and an Anglo-Russian entente (1907).

Question 30

kulturkampf

Answer 30

conflict between civil government and religious authorities especially over control of education and church appointments; broadly

Question 31

reichstag

Answer 31

is a German word generally meaning parliament, more directly translated as Diet of the Realm or National Diet or Imperial Diet.

Question 32

treaty of prague

Answer 32

was a peace treaty signed between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire at Prague on 23 August 1866, ending the Austro-Prussian War.

Question 33

Franco Joseph I

Answer 33

emperor of the Holy Roman Empire 1765–90