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OB/GYN > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Termination of a pregnancy by medical or surgical intervention

A

Induced abortion

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2
Q

Spontaneous termination of a pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation

A

Spontaneous abortion

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3
Q

Complete expulsion of the entire products of conception

A

Complete abortion

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4
Q

Incomplete expulsion of the products of conception with retained tissue in the uterus

A

Incomplete abortion

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5
Q

Dilation of the internal cervical os but without yet passage of the products of conception

A

Inevitable abortion

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6
Q

Intrauterine retention of the non-viable products of conception

A

Missed abortion

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7
Q

Three or more consecutive first-trimester abortions

A

Recurrent abortions

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8
Q

A threatened, inevitable, incomplete, missed, or complete abortion complicated by infxn

A

Septic abortion

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9
Q

Vaginal ️Bleeding in the presence of a closed cervix and a viable fetus

A

Threatened abortion

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10
Q

Separation of the normally implanted placenta from its uterine attachment after the 20th week or pregnancy and before the birth of the infant

A

Abruptio placentae

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11
Q

Overgrowth of the terminal parts of the skeletal system after epiphyseal fusion as a result of overproduction of growth hormone

A

Acromegaly

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12
Q

Presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium

A

Adenomyosis

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13
Q

The uterine appendages, including the Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and associated ligaments

A

Adnexae

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14
Q

A congenital or acquired increase in the number of cells of the adrenal cortex, occurring bilaterally and resulting in excessive secretion of 17-ketosteroids with signs of virilization

A

Adrenal hyperplasia

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15
Q

failure of menarche to occur by the 16th year of life

A

Primary amenorrhea

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16
Q

Absence of menses for 3 or more months after menarche

A

Secondary amenorrhea

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17
Q

Aspiration of amniotic fluid, usually transabdominally, for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes

A

Amniocentesis

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18
Q

A syndrome of androgen insensitivity characterized by primary amenorrhea, a female phenotype, testes (abdominal or inguinal) instead of ovaries, the absence of a uterus and a male genotype

A

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

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19
Q

Eating disorder characterized by altered body image and marked reduction in intake of food, caused by psychogenic factors and leading to malnutrition and amenorrhea

A

Anorexia Nervosa

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20
Q

Irregular uterine bleeding that occurs in the absence of ovulation

A

Anovulatory Bleeding

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21
Q

A physical assessment of the newborn usually performed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth; used to determine the need for resuscitation

A

APGAR score

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22
Q

loss of uterine muscle tonicity, which may result in failure of labor to progress or in postpartum hemorrhage

A

Uterine atony

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23
Q

Sex chromatin masses on the nuclear membrane. The number of these is one fewer than the number of X chromosomes in the cell

A

Barr bodies

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24
Q

A pair of glands located at the 4 o’clock and 8 o’clock position on the vulvo-vaginal rim

A

Bartholin glands

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25
Q

The oral temperature at rest, used for detection of ovulation

A

Basal body temperature

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26
Q

The most common germ cell tumor, consisting of mature elements of all three germ layers

A

Benign cystic teratoma

Dermoid cyst

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27
Q

A physical assessment of the fetus, including ultrasound evaluation of fetal movement,breathing movements, fetal tone, amniotic fluid volume, and electronic fetal heart monitoring

A

Biophysical profile

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28
Q

A graph showing a basal body temperature in the luteal phase that is 0.3-1 degree higher than that of a follicular phase, which indicates that ovulation has occurred.

A

Biphasic temperature curve

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29
Q

The circulation by which the fetus exchanges nutrients and waste products with the mother

A

Uteroplacental blood flow

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30
Q

Endometrial ️Bleeding that occurs at inappropriate times during the use of hormonal contraceptives

A

Breakthrough ️Bleeding

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31
Q

A neoplasm in which the tumor cells are confined by the basement membrane

A

Carcinoma in situ

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32
Q

Birth of a fetus through incisions made in the abdomen and uterine wall

A

Cesarean delivery

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33
Q

Irregular brownish patches of various sizes that may appear on the face during pregnancy or during the use of oral contraceptives

A

Chloasma

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34
Q

Inflammation of the fetal membranes

A

Chorioamnionitis

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35
Q

A malignant tumor composed of sheets of cellular and syncytial trophoblast

A

Choriocarcinoma

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36
Q

The trans cervical or Transabdominal sampling of chorionic villi for Cytogenetic evaluation of the fetus

A

Chorionic villus sampling

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37
Q

The period of life or the syndrome of endocrine, somatic, and psychic changes that occur in a woman during the transition from the reproductive to the nonreproductive state

A

Climacteric

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38
Q

A ligand, that is in a group of compounds known as selective estrogen receptor modulators. This ligand stimulates the maturation of follicles and thereby ovulation as a result of its Antiestrogenic effect on the hypothalamus.

A

Clomiphene

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39
Q

Withdrawal of the penis during coitus before ejaculation

A

Coitus interruptus

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40
Q

A surgical procedure use to repair a Cystocele or a rectocele

A

Anterior/Posterior colporrhaphy

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41
Q

Examination of the vagina and cervix by means of an instrument that provides low magnification

A

Colposcopy

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42
Q

A benign, cauliflower-like growth on the genitalia, caused by HPV

A

Condyloma acuminatum

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43
Q

A cone of cervical tissue excised for histological examination

A

Cone biopsy

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44
Q

A fetal assessment and therapeutic technique in which a needle is passed into an umbilical vessel and blood is sampled or treatment is given

A

Percutaneous blood sampling

Cordocentesis

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45
Q

The pouch-like cavity between the rectum and the uterus, formed by a fold of peritoneum

A

Cul-de-sac

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46
Q

Needle aspiration of Intraperitoneal fluid or blood through a puncture of the posterior vaginal fornix into the cul-de-sac

A

Culdocentesis

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47
Q

Curettage of the endometrium and endocervical for diagnostic evaluation. Specimens are submitted separately for pathologic examination.

A

Fractional curettage

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48
Q

Scraping of the inferior of a cavity or other surface with a suction catheter

A

Suction curettage

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49
Q

A radiogram of the urinary bladder after the injection of a contrast medium

A

Cystogram

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50
Q

Measurement of the function and capacity of the urinary bladder by pressure-volume studies; often used to diagnose hyperactive bladder

A

Cystometry

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51
Q

Identifiable changes in the endometrium and other tissues in response to the hormonal effects of progesterone

A

Decidua

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52
Q

The simultaneous availability of two sterile set-ups for either a vaginal or an abdominal delivery

A

Double set-up

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53
Q

A malignant solid germ cell tumor of the ovary

A

Dysgerminoma

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54
Q

Intrauterine growth restriction leading to a small-for-dates baby, associated with placental insufficiency

A

Dysmaturity

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55
Q

Difficult or painful inter course

A

Dyspareunia

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56
Q

Abnormal or difficult labor

A

Dystocia

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57
Q

The growth of the columnar epithelium of the endocervix onto the ectocervix

A

Ectropion

Eversion

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58
Q

Thickening or shortening of the cervix

A

Effacement

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59
Q

The conceptus from the blastocyst stage to the end of the 8 week

A

Embryo

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60
Q

The presence of endometrial implants outside of the uterus

A

Endometriosis

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61
Q

Instrumental visualization of the interior of a hollow viscus

A

Endoscopy

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62
Q

An incision made into the perineum at the time of vaginal delivery

A

Episiotomy

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63
Q

The exogenous administration of estrogen or estrogenic substances to overcome a deficiency or absence of the natural hormone

A

Estrogen replacement

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64
Q

Estrogen, unopposed

A

The continuous and prolonged effect of estrogen on the endometrium resulting from a lack of progesterone

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65
Q

The removal of all pelvic viscera, including the urinary bladder, the rectum, or both, usually in the setting of advanced cervical malignancy

A

Pelvic exenteration

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66
Q

The microscopic patter of sodium chloride crystals as seen in estrogen stimulated cervical mucous or amniotic fluid

A

Ferning

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67
Q

The conceptus from 8 weeks until birth

A

Fetus

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68
Q

Mammary changes characterized by ️Fibrosis and formation of cysts in the fibrous stroma

A

Fibrocystic change

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69
Q

A physiologic cyst arising from the Graafian follicle or the corpus luteum

A

Functional ovarian cyst

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70
Q

The spontaneous flow of Breast milk in the absence of a recent pregnancy

A

Galactorrhea

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71
Q

The congenital absence of ovarian tissue or its presence only as a rudimentary streak

A

Gonadal Agenesis

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72
Q

A glycoprotein hormone that is produced by the synctiotrophoblast and is immunologically similar to luteinizing hormone

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin

73
Q

The congenitally defective development of the gonads

A

Gonadal dysgenesis

74
Q

A gonadotropin isolated from the urine of postmenopausal women, consisting primarily of follicle stimulating hormone with variable amounts of LH; used for ovulation induction

A

Human menopausal gonadotropin

75
Q

A feminine, estrogen producing ovarian tumor

A

Granulosa cell tumor

76
Q

A pregnant woman

A

Gravidara

77
Q

The pregnant state, or the total number of pregnancies a woman has had including the current pregnancy

A

Gravis it’s

78
Q

Blood in the peritoneal cavity

A

Hemoperitoneum

79
Q

A person who exhibits characteristics of both sexes. Characterized by e presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue

A

Hermaphrodite

80
Q

Estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy

A

Hormone replacement therapy

81
Q

A vasomotor symptom characterized by transient hot sensations that involve chiefly the upper part of the thorax, neck, and head; frequently followed by sweats and associated with diminution in the ovarian secretion of estrogen

A

Hot flashes

82
Q

Excessive amounts of amniotic fluid at term

A

Hydramnios

83
Q

A deficiency (usually

A

Hypofibrinogenemia

84
Q

The combination of laparoscopy with vaginal surgery techniques to remove the uterus and frequently the Adnexae

A

Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy

85
Q

The removal of the uterine corpus leaving the cervix in situ

A

Subtotal hysterectomy

86
Q

The removal of the uterine corpus and cervix without regard to the tubes or ovaries

A

Total hysterectomy

87
Q

The removal of the uterus through the vagina

A

Vaginal hysterectomy

88
Q

The removal of the uterine corpus,cervix, and parametrium with dissection of the ureters; usually combine with pelvic lymphadenectomy

A

Radical hysterectomy

89
Q

The removal of the uterine corpus and cervix through an incision made in the abdominal wall

A

Abdominal hysterectomy

90
Q

Roentgenography of the uterus and tubes after injection of radiopaque contrast medium through the cervix. Is is useful in ascertaining irregularities of the uterine cavity and patency of the Fallopian tubes

A

Hysterosalpingography

91
Q

The transfer vicar endoscopic visualization of the endometrial cavity

A

Hysteroscopy

92
Q

Surgical incision through the wall of the uterus

A

Hysterotomy

93
Q

Failure of a lumen to develop at a point where the budding vagina arises from the urogenital sinus

A

Imperforate hymen

94
Q

The inability to achieve or sustain penile sensation

A

Impotence

95
Q

The space in the placenta in which maternal blood bathes the chorionic villi allowing the exchange of materials between the fetal and maternal circulations

A

Intervillous space

96
Q

A benign mammary tumor, often multiple, occurring predominately in parous women at or shortly before menopause. It is typically located beneath the areola and is often associated with bleeding from the nipple

A

Intraductal papilloma

97
Q

Intrauterine death of a fetus. For purposes of vital statistics, a fetal death prior to 500 grams is usually classified as an abortus

A

Intrauterine fetal demise

98
Q

Intrauterine growth restriction leading to a small-for-dates baby, associated with placental insufficiency

A

Intrauterine growth retardation

99
Q

Introduction of the penis into the vagina

A

Intromission

100
Q

Ensuring or maintaining what is considered to be just or fair according to predetermined criteria

A

Justice

101
Q

A photographic reproduction of the chromosomes of a cell in metaphase, arranged according to a standard classification

A

Karyotype

102
Q

A polypeptide hormone that is produced by the Syncytiotrophoblast and is similar to prolactin and somatotropin from the pituitary and is involved in carbohydrate metabolism by the mother and fetus

A

Human placental Lactogen

103
Q

A large loop excision of the transformation zone. Uses a thin, low voltage, electrified wire loop to cut out abnormal cervical tissue to treat cervical dysplasia

A

Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure

104
Q

An imprecise clinical term usually referring to white lesions of the vulva

A

Leukoplakia

105
Q

The muscular sheet consisting of the iliococcygeus, Pubococcygeus, and Puborectalis muscles, which forms most of the pelvic floor and supports the pelvic viscera

A

Levator muscles

106
Q

The relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother. Examples are longitudinal, transverse, and oblique

A

Lie

107
Q

The dense connective tissue that represents the Union of the base of the broad ligament to the supravaginal portion of the cervix and laterally to the sides of the pelvis. It is considered to be the primary support of the uterus

A

Cardinal ligament

108
Q

The peritoneal folds containing connective tissue, autonomic nerves, and involuntary muscle, arising on each side of the posterior wall of the uterus at about the level of the internal cervical os and passing backward towards the rectum around which they extend to their insertion on the sacral wall. It is considered to play an important part in axial support of the uterus.

A

Uterosacral ligament

109
Q

Tubal ligation

A

The surgical or mechanical interruption of the continuity of the Fallopian tubes

110
Q

LNMP

A

Last normal menstrual period

111
Q

Sexual stimulation by manipulation of the genitals

A

Masturbation

112
Q

The ratio of Parabasal to intermediate to superficial vaginal epithelial cells which is an indication of estrogen effect

A

Maturation index

113
Q

The condition of a fetus weighing 2500g or more

A

Maturity

114
Q

Excessive or prolonged uterine bleeding occurring at regular intervals

A

Menorrhagia

115
Q

A reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another cell type

A

Metaplasia

116
Q

Uterine bleeding occurring at times other than the expected menses; for example, intermenstrual ️Bleeding

A

Metrorrhagia

117
Q

An imaginary plane that passes through the pelvis and is defined by three points; the inferior margin of the symphysis pubis and the tips of the Ischial spines on either side. The plane usually includes the smallest dimensions of the pelvis

A

Midpelvis

118
Q

Death of the conceptus between >500 grams and birth

A

Fetal mortality

119
Q

Death of a fetus before birth. For purposes of vital statistics the fetus must be over 20!weeks gestational age or over 500 grams in weight

A

Stillbirth

120
Q

Death of the infant in the first 28 days of life

A

Neonatal mortality

121
Q

Death of the fetus or neonate between 20 weeks of gestation and 28 days after birth. It is the sum of stillbirths and neonatal deaths

A

Perinatal mortality

122
Q

The presence in an individual of cells of different chromosomal constitutions.

A

Mosaicism

123
Q

The secretion of the cervical mucous glands; its quality and quantity are influenced by estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen makes it abundant and clear (which is called Spinbarkeit) and a fern pattern on drying. Progesterone makes it scant, opaque, and cellular without a fern pattern on microscopic examination

A

Cervical mucous

124
Q

Referring to the first 28 days of life

A

Neonatal

125
Q

Evaluation of the fetus by electronic fetal heart monitoring, not in labor

A

Nonstress test

126
Q

Infrequent menstruation

A

Oligomenorrhea

127
Q

Stimulation of ovulation by artificial means

A

Induction of ovulation

128
Q

An octapeptide formed in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior love of the pituitary. It has stimulant effects on the smooth muscle of the uterus and mammary glands

A

Oxytocin

129
Q

A cytologic smear of exfoliated cells (for example, from the cervix, endometrial cavity, or vagina) used in the early detection of Cancer or for evaluation of a patient’s hormone status

A

Papanicolaou smear

130
Q

The number of pregnancies of a particular woman in which the fetus is over 20 weeks gestation prior to delivery

A

Parity

131
Q

The floor or sling for the pelvic structures, located at the level of the pelvic outlet. The most important Structures are the Levator ani muscle and fascial sheaths

A

Pelvic floor

132
Q

An imaginary plane passing through the pelvis that represents the upper boundary of the true pelvis. It is bounded posteriorly by the promontory and alae of the sacrum, laterally by the Linea Terminalis, and anteriorly by the original rami of the pubic bones and the upper margin of the symphysis pubis

A

Pelvic inlet

133
Q

Laparoscopic surgery using multiple small incision, specialized instruments and techniques

A

Pelviscopic surgery

134
Q

Pertaining to the combination of fetal and neonatal periods, considered to begin after 20 weeks of gestation and to end 28 days after birth

A

Perinatal

135
Q

Plastic repair of the perineum

A

Perineorrhaphy

136
Q

The pelvic floor and associated structures occupying the pelvic outlet

A

Perineum

137
Q

The presence of air in the peritoneal cavity

A

The presence of air in the peritoneal cavity

138
Q

A syndrome of secondary oligomenorrhea and infertility associated with multiple follicle cysts of the ovary and failure to ovulate

A

Polycystic ovary syndrome

139
Q

Cyclical uterine bleeding that is normal in amount but ️Occurs at

A

Polymenorrhea

140
Q

The relationship of a designated point on the presenting part of the fetus to the maternal pelvis

A

Position

141
Q

Pregnancy prolonged beyond the end of the 42nd week of gestation

A

Post term pregnancy

142
Q

An infant born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy

A

Prematurity

143
Q

A complex of symptoms occurring in the progestational phase of the menstrual cycle

A

Premenstrual syndrome

144
Q

The portion of the body of the fetus that is coming first in the birth canal

A

Presentation

145
Q

The portion of the fetus that is felt through the cervix on vaginal examination; determines the presentation

A

Presenting part

146
Q

A condition in which the umbilical cord precedes the presenting part of the fetus

A

Umbilical cord prolapse

147
Q

Prolapse of the uterus usually due to the loss of supporting structures. It is related to injuries of childbirth, advanced age, or congenital weakness

A

Uterine prolapse

148
Q

False pregnancy in which some of the signs and symptoms of pregnancy are present, although no conception had taken place

A

Pseudocyesis

149
Q

The period between the beginning of the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the completion of somatic growth

A

Puberty

150
Q

The lack of appearance of secondary sexual characteristics by age 14

A

Delayed puberty

151
Q

The appearance of secondary sexual characteristics before 7.5 years of age

A

Precocious puberty

152
Q

The period after delivery in which the reproductive tract returns to its normal, nonpregnant condition, generally 6-8 weeks

A

Puerperium

153
Q

The first perception by the mother of fetal movement, usually between the 16th and 20th week of gestation

A

Quickening

154
Q

The retrograde flow of uterine or tubal contents into the abdominal cavity

A

Tubal reflux

155
Q

A method of contraception in which coitus is avoided when ovulation is likely

A

Rhythm method

Periodic abstinence

156
Q

An acute exanthematous viral disease that may cause fetal malformation if contracted during the first trimester of pregnancy

A

Rubella

157
Q

Surgical removal of Fallopian tube

A

Salpingectomy

158
Q

Surgical removal of a Fallopian tube and ovary

A

Salpingo-oophorectomy

159
Q

The application of a solution of iodine to the cervix. The iodine is taken up by the glycogen in normal vaginal epithelium giving it s brown appearance. Areas lacking in glycogen are white or whitish yellow, as in leukoplakia or Cancer. Although nonstaining areas are not diagnostic of Cancer, they aid in choosing the spot to which a biopsy should be directed

A

Schiller test

160
Q

The physical chances that have occurred in response to endocrine changes during puberty

A

Secondary sexual characteristics

161
Q

The evaluation of the components of semen, especially spermatozoa, as a means of evaluating male infertility

A

Semen analysis

162
Q

The physiologic and psychological expression of sexual behavior. The periods of infancy, adolescence, adulthood,vans the post climacteric state each have characteristic manifestations of sexuality

A

Sexuality

163
Q

A test for infertility in which cervical mucous is aspirated after coitus and examined for quality and presence or absence of infection. The motility, normality, and number of sperm are noted

A

Sim-Huhner test

Post-coital test

164
Q

The vestibular glands that open into and around the urethra

A

Skene glands

165
Q

The ability of cervical mucous to be drawn out into thread, characteristically greater in the preovulatory and ovulatory Phages of the menstrual cycle

A

Spinnbarkeit

166
Q

The location of the fetal presenting part (leading bony point) relative to the level of the ischial spines. Station +2 means the presenting part is 2cm below the ischial spines. Station 1 means the presenting part is 1 cm above the ischial spines.

A

Station

167
Q

Streaks or lines seen on the abdominal skin of a pregnant woman

A

Striae gravidarum

168
Q

A functioning ovarian tumor composed of theca cells

A

Thecoma

169
Q

The onset of development of the Breast

A

Thelarche

170
Q

A period of 3 months. The period of gestation is divided into three units of three calendar months each.

A

Trimester

171
Q

The epithelium of the chorion, including the covering of the placental villi. It comprises a cellular layer and Synctium

A

Trophoblasts

172
Q

The enlarged sebaceous glands of the areolae of the mammary glands during late pregnancy and lactation

A

Montgomery tubercles

173
Q

Protrusion of the urethra through the supporting structure of the anterior wall

A

Urethrocele

174
Q

The surgical interruption of the ductus deferens for permanent contraception

A

Vasectomy

175
Q

VBAC

A

Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery

176
Q

The condition of a fetus weighing 500g or more; the ability to live independent outside the uterus

A

Viability

177
Q

The development of masculine traits in a female

A

Virilization

178
Q

Uterine bleeding after the interruption of hormonal support of the endometrium

A

Withdrawal bleeding

OB/GYN (8 decks)

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