Vocabulary Flashcards
1
Q
Termination of a pregnancy by medical or surgical intervention
A
Induced abortion
2
Q
Spontaneous termination of a pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation
A
Spontaneous abortion
3
Q
Complete expulsion of the entire products of conception
A
Complete abortion
4
Q
Incomplete expulsion of the products of conception with retained tissue in the uterus
A
Incomplete abortion
5
Q
Dilation of the internal cervical os but without yet passage of the products of conception
A
Inevitable abortion
6
Q
Intrauterine retention of the non-viable products of conception
A
Missed abortion
7
Q
Three or more consecutive first-trimester abortions
A
Recurrent abortions
8
Q
A threatened, inevitable, incomplete, missed, or complete abortion complicated by infxn
A
Septic abortion
9
Q
Vaginal ️Bleeding in the presence of a closed cervix and a viable fetus
A
Threatened abortion
10
Q
Separation of the normally implanted placenta from its uterine attachment after the 20th week or pregnancy and before the birth of the infant
A
Abruptio placentae
11
Q
Overgrowth of the terminal parts of the skeletal system after epiphyseal fusion as a result of overproduction of growth hormone
A
Acromegaly
12
Q
Presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium
A
Adenomyosis
13
Q
The uterine appendages, including the Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and associated ligaments
A
Adnexae
14
Q
A congenital or acquired increase in the number of cells of the adrenal cortex, occurring bilaterally and resulting in excessive secretion of 17-ketosteroids with signs of virilization
A
Adrenal hyperplasia
15
Q
failure of menarche to occur by the 16th year of life
A
Primary amenorrhea
16
Q
Absence of menses for 3 or more months after menarche
A
Secondary amenorrhea
17
Q
Aspiration of amniotic fluid, usually transabdominally, for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
A
Amniocentesis
18
Q
A syndrome of androgen insensitivity characterized by primary amenorrhea, a female phenotype, testes (abdominal or inguinal) instead of ovaries, the absence of a uterus and a male genotype
A
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
19
Q
Eating disorder characterized by altered body image and marked reduction in intake of food, caused by psychogenic factors and leading to malnutrition and amenorrhea
A
Anorexia Nervosa
20
Q
Irregular uterine bleeding that occurs in the absence of ovulation
A
Anovulatory Bleeding
21
Q
A physical assessment of the newborn usually performed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth; used to determine the need for resuscitation
A
APGAR score
22
Q
loss of uterine muscle tonicity, which may result in failure of labor to progress or in postpartum hemorrhage
A
Uterine atony
23
Q
Sex chromatin masses on the nuclear membrane. The number of these is one fewer than the number of X chromosomes in the cell
A
Barr bodies
24
Q
A pair of glands located at the 4 o’clock and 8 o’clock position on the vulvo-vaginal rim
A
Bartholin glands
25
The oral temperature at rest, used for detection of ovulation
Basal body temperature
26
The most common germ cell tumor, consisting of mature elements of all three germ layers
Benign cystic teratoma
Dermoid cyst
27
A physical assessment of the fetus, including ultrasound evaluation of fetal movement,breathing movements, fetal tone, amniotic fluid volume, and electronic fetal heart monitoring
Biophysical profile
28
A graph showing a basal body temperature in the luteal phase that is 0.3-1 degree higher than that of a follicular phase, which indicates that ovulation has occurred.
Biphasic temperature curve
29
The circulation by which the fetus exchanges nutrients and waste products with the mother
Uteroplacental blood flow
30
Endometrial ️Bleeding that occurs at inappropriate times during the use of hormonal contraceptives
Breakthrough ️Bleeding
31
A neoplasm in which the tumor cells are confined by the basement membrane
Carcinoma in situ
32
Birth of a fetus through incisions made in the abdomen and uterine wall
Cesarean delivery
33
Irregular brownish patches of various sizes that may appear on the face during pregnancy or during the use of oral contraceptives
Chloasma
34
Inflammation of the fetal membranes
Chorioamnionitis
35
A malignant tumor composed of sheets of cellular and syncytial trophoblast
Choriocarcinoma
36
The trans cervical or Transabdominal sampling of chorionic villi for Cytogenetic evaluation of the fetus
Chorionic villus sampling
37
The period of life or the syndrome of endocrine, somatic, and psychic changes that occur in a woman during the transition from the reproductive to the nonreproductive state
Climacteric
38
A ligand, that is in a group of compounds known as selective estrogen receptor modulators. This ligand stimulates the maturation of follicles and thereby ovulation as a result of its Antiestrogenic effect on the hypothalamus.
Clomiphene
39
Withdrawal of the penis during coitus before ejaculation
Coitus interruptus
40
A surgical procedure use to repair a Cystocele or a rectocele
Anterior/Posterior colporrhaphy
41
Examination of the vagina and cervix by means of an instrument that provides low magnification
Colposcopy
42
A benign, cauliflower-like growth on the genitalia, caused by HPV
Condyloma acuminatum
43
A cone of cervical tissue excised for histological examination
Cone biopsy
44
A fetal assessment and therapeutic technique in which a needle is passed into an umbilical vessel and blood is sampled or treatment is given
Percutaneous blood sampling
Cordocentesis
45
The pouch-like cavity between the rectum and the uterus, formed by a fold of peritoneum
Cul-de-sac
46
Needle aspiration of Intraperitoneal fluid or blood through a puncture of the posterior vaginal fornix into the cul-de-sac
Culdocentesis
47
Curettage of the endometrium and endocervical for diagnostic evaluation. Specimens are submitted separately for pathologic examination.
Fractional curettage
48
Scraping of the inferior of a cavity or other surface with a suction catheter
Suction curettage
49
A radiogram of the urinary bladder after the injection of a contrast medium
Cystogram
50
Measurement of the function and capacity of the urinary bladder by pressure-volume studies; often used to diagnose hyperactive bladder
Cystometry
51
Identifiable changes in the endometrium and other tissues in response to the hormonal effects of progesterone
Decidua
52
The simultaneous availability of two sterile set-ups for either a vaginal or an abdominal delivery
Double set-up
53
A malignant solid germ cell tumor of the ovary
Dysgerminoma
54
Intrauterine growth restriction leading to a small-for-dates baby, associated with placental insufficiency
Dysmaturity
55
Difficult or painful inter course
Dyspareunia
56
Abnormal or difficult labor
Dystocia
57
The growth of the columnar epithelium of the endocervix onto the ectocervix
Ectropion
Eversion
58
Thickening or shortening of the cervix
Effacement
59
The conceptus from the blastocyst stage to the end of the 8 week
Embryo
60
The presence of endometrial implants outside of the uterus
Endometriosis
61
Instrumental visualization of the interior of a hollow viscus
Endoscopy
62
An incision made into the perineum at the time of vaginal delivery
Episiotomy
63
The exogenous administration of estrogen or estrogenic substances to overcome a deficiency or absence of the natural hormone
Estrogen replacement
64
Estrogen, unopposed
The continuous and prolonged effect of estrogen on the endometrium resulting from a lack of progesterone
65
The removal of all pelvic viscera, including the urinary bladder, the rectum, or both, usually in the setting of advanced cervical malignancy
Pelvic exenteration
66
The microscopic patter of sodium chloride crystals as seen in estrogen stimulated cervical mucous or amniotic fluid
Ferning
67
The conceptus from 8 weeks until birth
Fetus
68
Mammary changes characterized by ️Fibrosis and formation of cysts in the fibrous stroma
Fibrocystic change
69
A physiologic cyst arising from the Graafian follicle or the corpus luteum
Functional ovarian cyst
70
The spontaneous flow of Breast milk in the absence of a recent pregnancy
Galactorrhea
71
The congenital absence of ovarian tissue or its presence only as a rudimentary streak
Gonadal Agenesis
72
A glycoprotein hormone that is produced by the synctiotrophoblast and is immunologically similar to luteinizing hormone
Human chorionic gonadotropin
73
The congenitally defective development of the gonads
Gonadal dysgenesis
74
A gonadotropin isolated from the urine of postmenopausal women, consisting primarily of follicle stimulating hormone with variable amounts of LH; used for ovulation induction
Human menopausal gonadotropin
75
A feminine, estrogen producing ovarian tumor
Granulosa cell tumor
76
A pregnant woman
Gravidara
77
The pregnant state, or the total number of pregnancies a woman has had including the current pregnancy
Gravis it's
78
Blood in the peritoneal cavity
Hemoperitoneum
79
A person who exhibits characteristics of both sexes. Characterized by e presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue
Hermaphrodite
80
Estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy
Hormone replacement therapy
81
A vasomotor symptom characterized by transient hot sensations that involve chiefly the upper part of the thorax, neck, and head; frequently followed by sweats and associated with diminution in the ovarian secretion of estrogen
Hot flashes
82
Excessive amounts of amniotic fluid at term
Hydramnios
83
A deficiency (usually
Hypofibrinogenemia
84
The combination of laparoscopy with vaginal surgery techniques to remove the uterus and frequently the Adnexae
Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy
85
The removal of the uterine corpus leaving the cervix in situ
Subtotal hysterectomy
86
The removal of the uterine corpus and cervix without regard to the tubes or ovaries
Total hysterectomy
87
The removal of the uterus through the vagina
Vaginal hysterectomy
88
The removal of the uterine corpus,cervix, and parametrium with dissection of the ureters; usually combine with pelvic lymphadenectomy
Radical hysterectomy
89
The removal of the uterine corpus and cervix through an incision made in the abdominal wall
Abdominal hysterectomy
90
Roentgenography of the uterus and tubes after injection of radiopaque contrast medium through the cervix. Is is useful in ascertaining irregularities of the uterine cavity and patency of the Fallopian tubes
Hysterosalpingography
91
The transfer vicar endoscopic visualization of the endometrial cavity
Hysteroscopy
92
Surgical incision through the wall of the uterus
Hysterotomy
93
Failure of a lumen to develop at a point where the budding vagina arises from the urogenital sinus
Imperforate hymen
94
The inability to achieve or sustain penile sensation
Impotence
95
The space in the placenta in which maternal blood bathes the chorionic villi allowing the exchange of materials between the fetal and maternal circulations
Intervillous space
96
A benign mammary tumor, often multiple, occurring predominately in parous women at or shortly before menopause. It is typically located beneath the areola and is often associated with bleeding from the nipple
Intraductal papilloma
97
Intrauterine death of a fetus. For purposes of vital statistics, a fetal death prior to 500 grams is usually classified as an abortus
Intrauterine fetal demise
98
Intrauterine growth restriction leading to a small-for-dates baby, associated with placental insufficiency
Intrauterine growth retardation
99
Introduction of the penis into the vagina
Intromission
100
Ensuring or maintaining what is considered to be just or fair according to predetermined criteria
Justice
101
A photographic reproduction of the chromosomes of a cell in metaphase, arranged according to a standard classification
Karyotype
102
A polypeptide hormone that is produced by the Syncytiotrophoblast and is similar to prolactin and somatotropin from the pituitary and is involved in carbohydrate metabolism by the mother and fetus
Human placental Lactogen
103
A large loop excision of the transformation zone. Uses a thin, low voltage, electrified wire loop to cut out abnormal cervical tissue to treat cervical dysplasia
Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure
104
An imprecise clinical term usually referring to white lesions of the vulva
Leukoplakia
105
The muscular sheet consisting of the iliococcygeus, Pubococcygeus, and Puborectalis muscles, which forms most of the pelvic floor and supports the pelvic viscera
Levator muscles
106
The relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother. Examples are longitudinal, transverse, and oblique
Lie
107
The dense connective tissue that represents the Union of the base of the broad ligament to the supravaginal portion of the cervix and laterally to the sides of the pelvis. It is considered to be the primary support of the uterus
Cardinal ligament
108
The peritoneal folds containing connective tissue, autonomic nerves, and involuntary muscle, arising on each side of the posterior wall of the uterus at about the level of the internal cervical os and passing backward towards the rectum around which they extend to their insertion on the sacral wall. It is considered to play an important part in axial support of the uterus.
Uterosacral ligament
109
Tubal ligation
The surgical or mechanical interruption of the continuity of the Fallopian tubes
110
LNMP
Last normal menstrual period
111
Sexual stimulation by manipulation of the genitals
Masturbation
112
The ratio of Parabasal to intermediate to superficial vaginal epithelial cells which is an indication of estrogen effect
Maturation index
113
The condition of a fetus weighing 2500g or more
Maturity
114
Excessive or prolonged uterine bleeding occurring at regular intervals
Menorrhagia
115
A reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another cell type
Metaplasia
116
Uterine bleeding occurring at times other than the expected menses; for example, intermenstrual ️Bleeding
Metrorrhagia
117
An imaginary plane that passes through the pelvis and is defined by three points; the inferior margin of the symphysis pubis and the tips of the Ischial spines on either side. The plane usually includes the smallest dimensions of the pelvis
Midpelvis
118
Death of the conceptus between >500 grams and birth
Fetal mortality
119
Death of a fetus before birth. For purposes of vital statistics the fetus must be over 20!weeks gestational age or over 500 grams in weight
Stillbirth
120
Death of the infant in the first 28 days of life
Neonatal mortality
121
Death of the fetus or neonate between 20 weeks of gestation and 28 days after birth. It is the sum of stillbirths and neonatal deaths
Perinatal mortality
122
The presence in an individual of cells of different chromosomal constitutions.
Mosaicism
123
The secretion of the cervical mucous glands; its quality and quantity are influenced by estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen makes it abundant and clear (which is called Spinbarkeit) and a fern pattern on drying. Progesterone makes it scant, opaque, and cellular without a fern pattern on microscopic examination
Cervical mucous
124
Referring to the first 28 days of life
Neonatal
125
Evaluation of the fetus by electronic fetal heart monitoring, not in labor
Nonstress test
126
Infrequent menstruation
Oligomenorrhea
127
Stimulation of ovulation by artificial means
Induction of ovulation
128
An octapeptide formed in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior love of the pituitary. It has stimulant effects on the smooth muscle of the uterus and mammary glands
Oxytocin
129
A cytologic smear of exfoliated cells (for example, from the cervix, endometrial cavity, or vagina) used in the early detection of Cancer or for evaluation of a patient's hormone status
Papanicolaou smear
130
The number of pregnancies of a particular woman in which the fetus is over 20 weeks gestation prior to delivery
Parity
131
The floor or sling for the pelvic structures, located at the level of the pelvic outlet. The most important Structures are the Levator ani muscle and fascial sheaths
Pelvic floor
132
An imaginary plane passing through the pelvis that represents the upper boundary of the true pelvis. It is bounded posteriorly by the promontory and alae of the sacrum, laterally by the Linea Terminalis, and anteriorly by the original rami of the pubic bones and the upper margin of the symphysis pubis
Pelvic inlet
133
Laparoscopic surgery using multiple small incision, specialized instruments and techniques
Pelviscopic surgery
134
Pertaining to the combination of fetal and neonatal periods, considered to begin after 20 weeks of gestation and to end 28 days after birth
Perinatal
135
Plastic repair of the perineum
Perineorrhaphy
136
The pelvic floor and associated structures occupying the pelvic outlet
Perineum
137
The presence of air in the peritoneal cavity
The presence of air in the peritoneal cavity
138
A syndrome of secondary oligomenorrhea and infertility associated with multiple follicle cysts of the ovary and failure to ovulate
Polycystic ovary syndrome
139
Cyclical uterine bleeding that is normal in amount but ️Occurs at
Polymenorrhea
140
The relationship of a designated point on the presenting part of the fetus to the maternal pelvis
Position
141
Pregnancy prolonged beyond the end of the 42nd week of gestation
Post term pregnancy
142
An infant born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy
Prematurity
143
A complex of symptoms occurring in the progestational phase of the menstrual cycle
Premenstrual syndrome
144
The portion of the body of the fetus that is coming first in the birth canal
Presentation
145
The portion of the fetus that is felt through the cervix on vaginal examination; determines the presentation
Presenting part
146
A condition in which the umbilical cord precedes the presenting part of the fetus
Umbilical cord prolapse
147
Prolapse of the uterus usually due to the loss of supporting structures. It is related to injuries of childbirth, advanced age, or congenital weakness
Uterine prolapse
148
False pregnancy in which some of the signs and symptoms of pregnancy are present, although no conception had taken place
Pseudocyesis
149
The period between the beginning of the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the completion of somatic growth
Puberty
150
The lack of appearance of secondary sexual characteristics by age 14
Delayed puberty
151
The appearance of secondary sexual characteristics before 7.5 years of age
Precocious puberty
152
The period after delivery in which the reproductive tract returns to its normal, nonpregnant condition, generally 6-8 weeks
Puerperium
153
The first perception by the mother of fetal movement, usually between the 16th and 20th week of gestation
Quickening
154
The retrograde flow of uterine or tubal contents into the abdominal cavity
Tubal reflux
155
A method of contraception in which coitus is avoided when ovulation is likely
Rhythm method
Periodic abstinence
156
An acute exanthematous viral disease that may cause fetal malformation if contracted during the first trimester of pregnancy
Rubella
157
Surgical removal of Fallopian tube
Salpingectomy
158
Surgical removal of a Fallopian tube and ovary
Salpingo-oophorectomy
159
The application of a solution of iodine to the cervix. The iodine is taken up by the glycogen in normal vaginal epithelium giving it s brown appearance. Areas lacking in glycogen are white or whitish yellow, as in leukoplakia or Cancer. Although nonstaining areas are not diagnostic of Cancer, they aid in choosing the spot to which a biopsy should be directed
Schiller test
160
The physical chances that have occurred in response to endocrine changes during puberty
Secondary sexual characteristics
161
The evaluation of the components of semen, especially spermatozoa, as a means of evaluating male infertility
Semen analysis
162
The physiologic and psychological expression of sexual behavior. The periods of infancy, adolescence, adulthood,vans the post climacteric state each have characteristic manifestations of sexuality
Sexuality
163
A test for infertility in which cervical mucous is aspirated after coitus and examined for quality and presence or absence of infection. The motility, normality, and number of sperm are noted
Sim-Huhner test
Post-coital test
164
The vestibular glands that open into and around the urethra
Skene glands
165
The ability of cervical mucous to be drawn out into thread, characteristically greater in the preovulatory and ovulatory Phages of the menstrual cycle
Spinnbarkeit
166
The location of the fetal presenting part (leading bony point) relative to the level of the ischial spines. Station +2 means the presenting part is 2cm below the ischial spines. Station 1 means the presenting part is 1 cm above the ischial spines.
Station
167
Streaks or lines seen on the abdominal skin of a pregnant woman
Striae gravidarum
168
A functioning ovarian tumor composed of theca cells
Thecoma
169
The onset of development of the Breast
Thelarche
170
A period of 3 months. The period of gestation is divided into three units of three calendar months each.
Trimester
171
The epithelium of the chorion, including the covering of the placental villi. It comprises a cellular layer and Synctium
Trophoblasts
172
The enlarged sebaceous glands of the areolae of the mammary glands during late pregnancy and lactation
Montgomery tubercles
173
Protrusion of the urethra through the supporting structure of the anterior wall
Urethrocele
174
The surgical interruption of the ductus deferens for permanent contraception
Vasectomy
175
VBAC
Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery
176
The condition of a fetus weighing 500g or more; the ability to live independent outside the uterus
Viability
177
The development of masculine traits in a female
Virilization
178
Uterine bleeding after the interruption of hormonal support of the endometrium
Withdrawal bleeding
