Vocabulary Flashcards
1
Q
Any compound with a hydrogen ion activity greater than water (pH
A
Acid
2
Q
Solutions that have a pH scale value less than 7
A
Acidic solutions
3
Q
Energy necessary for a chemical reaction to occur
A
Activation energy
4
Q
Verb that shows an action performed by the subject of the sentence
A
Action verb
5
Q
State of a sentence that contains an active verb (will this even save)
A
Active voice
6
Q
Increase from generation to generation of alleles of genes that allows a species to survive in their environment.
A
Adaptation
7
Q
Rule that makes it possible to move terms from one side of an equation to the other by adding opposites to each expression.
A
Addition principle.
8
Q
Cellular fuel; produced in the mitochondria
A
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
9
Q
Descriptive word that modifies nouns and pronouns
A
Adjective
10
Q
Word modifying a verb, adjective, or other adverb indicating when, how, where, why, or how much.
A
Adverb
11
Q
Hydrocarbon with only single bonds (CnH2n+2)
A
Alkane
12
Q
Hydrocarbon with one double bond. (CnH2n)
A
Alkene
13
Q
Hydrocarbon with one triple bond (CnH2n-2)
A
Alkyne
14
Q
Two or more different forms of a certain gene
A
Alleles
15
Q
Structure in the lungs that permits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to occur
A
Alveoli
16
Q
Building blocks of proteins.
A
Amino acids
17
Q
A standard position in which the body is facing forward, the feet are parallel to each other, and the arms are at the sides with palms facing forward
A
Anatomical position
18
Q
Study if the structure of various organs and body systems.
A
Anatomy
19
Q
Atom or molecule with a negative charge
A
Anion
20
Q
Noun that a pronoun refers back to (replaces)
A
Antecedent
21
Q
Toward the front of the body or body structure (opposite of posterior)
A
Anterior
22
Q
Protein produced by a B cell in response to an antigen
A
Antibody
23
Q
A foreign protein, such as a pathogen, that stimulates antibody production
A
Antigen
24
Q
Punctuation mark that is used to indicate possessiveness or the omission of letters or numbers.
A
Apostrophe
25
Written numbers that use a combination of the whole numbers 0-9
Arabic numerals
26
Blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart to the capillaries
Arteries
27
Word that is used to limit a noun, either indefinite- a, an- or definite -the
Article
28
Smallest part of an element that still retains all the original properties of the element.
Atom
29
Number of protons and neutrons within the nucleus of an atom; the average mass of all of the known isotopes of an element
Atomic mass
30
Number of protons in the nucleus of the chemical element; the number of protons that defines a specific atom
Atomic number.
31
Part of a sentence that indicates who said a direct quote
Attributive tag
32
Person or persons who will be reading a piece of writing
Audience
33
Underlying reason why the author wrote the text
Authors intent
34
Branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls automatic body functions like heartbeat and digestion
Autonomic nervous system
35
Organism that is able to produce its own food
Autotroph
36
Part of the nerve cell that carries impulses away from the cell body and connects one neuron with another neuron over a synapse
Axon
37
Type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies in response to antigens; responsible for humoral immunity
B cell
38
Graph used to compare the frequency of an event; frequencies are displayed as vertical or horizontal, non-touching bars; data is usually noncontinuous
Bar graph
39
Any compound with the hydrogen ion activity less than water (pH > 7)
Base
40
Solutions that have a pH scale value greater than seven
Basic solutions
41
Opinions or beliefs that affect a persons ability to make fair, Unclouded judgment or decision
Biases
42
Polynomial that has two terms
Binomial
43
Two word naming system that includes the universally accepted genus and species of each organism; developed by Carolus Linnaeus
Binomial nomenclature.
44
Small respiratory passages that connect the trachea to the lungs
Bronchial tubes
45
See Joules
Calories
46
Tiny blood vessels that transport blood between arteries and veins within the body
Capillaries
47
Substance that controls the rate of a chemical reaction
Catalyst
48
Atom or molecule with a positive charge
Cation
49
First presents in action, and then describes the effects that result (or may result) from that action
Cause effect text structure
50
Basic unit of all life
Cell
51
Outside, rigid layer that help separate the inside and outside of both prokaryotic and plant cells
Cell wall
52
Process in which glucose is used to produce ATP
Cellular respiration
53
Metric temperature scale define (at standard pressure) by the melting point of ice 0°C and the boiling point 100°C of liquid water
Celsius
54
Branch of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system
55
Microtubule organizing center that helps to form and organize the mitotic spindle during mitosis
Centrosome
56
Positive or negative distribution within an object
Charge
57
Evolutionary biologist who studied wildlife on the Gallapagos island in the 1800s and wrote on the origin of species, in which he explain adaptation and natural selection
Charles Darwin
58
Chemical attraction of atoms due to their electron arrangement
Chemical bonding
59
Dynamic event that alters the chemical make up of a molecule; a process that chemically transforms a set of substances into another set
Chemical reaction
60
Release of chemicals by damage cells that attract white blood cells
Chemotaxis
61
Green pigment in plants
Chlorophyll
62
Organelle that contains chlorophyll and is found in plants; used to carry out photosynthesis
Chloroplast
63
One of a pair of newly duplicated chromosomes that are still attached to one another; a pair of matching sister chromatids make up the duplicated chromosome
Chromatid
64
Condensed, single, very long strands of DNA double helix located in the nucleus of a cell and containing hundreds of jeans
Chromosomes
65
Mixture of food, chemicals, and enzymes in the stomach
Chyme
66
Tiny hairs in the bronchial tubes that keep the airway clear by removing unwanted matter from the lungs
Cilia
67
Divided into sectors representing the frequency of an event, sectors total 100%
Circle graph
68
Transportation highway for the entire body (also known as the cardiovascular system)
Circulatory system
69
Group of words that are related and contain both a subject and a properly conjugated verb
Clause
70
Group of three nucleotides on RNA or DNA that encodes for a single, specific amino acid
Codon
71
Numerical part of the term
Coefficient
72
Punctuation mark used to indicate that there is information to follow
Colon (:)
73
Punctuation mark used to indicate a break or pause within a sentence
Comma (,)
74
Presents two different cases, usually with the intent of making the reader consider the differences (or similarities) between the two cases
Comparison-contrast text structure
75
Symbol that indicates the cardinal directions (north, south, east, and West) as they relate to the map
Compass – rose
76
Sentence that contains an independent clause and a dependent clause
Complex sentence
77
Two (or more) independent clauses joined together with a coordinating conjunction
Compound sentence
78
Connects different structures of the body; includes bones, cartilage, adipose tissues (fats), and blood vessels
Connective tissue
79
Quantity that does not change; it's what students referred to as "numbers" such as eight, -3, one half, one fourth, 0.45, etc.
Constant
80
Text surrounding a word, phrase, or passage
Context
81
Word surrounding and unfamiliar word that can help a reader discern the meaning of the unfamiliar word
Context clues
82
Words that join two or more words, phrases, or clauses so that each conjoined element is equal; and English, there are only seven, and they may be remembered using the acronym FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so)
Coordinating conjunctions
83
Sharing of electrons between atoms
Covalent
84
Siri is a folds formed by the inner membrane of the mitochondria
Cristae
85
Reading style where the reader carefully analyze is the text, judging its credibility and the authors intentions, rather than simply accepting the material as fact
Critical reading
86
Number of childbirths per 1000 people per year
Crude birth rate
87
Number of deaths per 1000 people per year
Crude death rate
88
Atoms are arranged in a highly ordered state
Crystalline order
89
Contains an independent clause followed by a parallel string of modifiers; modifiers maybe adjectives, prepositional phrases, or dependent clauses
Cumulative sentence
90
Chemical messengers that are released by damage tissues
Cytokines
91
Division and separation of the cytoplasm from one cell into two new cells; is accomplished by pinching off of the cell membrane to form two cells while simultaneously synthesizing an additional membrane to help in the process; begins in late anaphase and completes in telophase
Cytokinesis
92
Rich protein fluid with gel-like consistency that houses organelles
Cytoplasm
93
Items that are subtracted from a beginning salary (I.E, state taxes, federal taxes, health insurance, and retirement contributions).
Deductions
94
Method whereby conclusions follow from a general principle
Deductive reasoning
95
Away from or below the body surface (opposite of superficial)
Deep
96
Exponent or some of exponents of the variables of a term
Degree
97
Branched extensions of the neuron that receive impulses (electric messages) from other neurons and stimuli
Dendrites
98
B in the fraction a/b
Denominator
99
Ratio of mass per volume for a substance
Density
100
Group of words containing a subject with a properly conjugated verb that is made dependent or incomplete because of the addition of a subordinating conjunction
Dependent clause
101
Depends on another variable
Dependent variable
102
Passage of text that describes or characterizes a person, thing, or idea
Description
103
Process of white blood cells squeezing through the capillary slits in response to cytokines
Diapedesis
104
Dome-shaped muscle located immediately below the lungs that stimulates inhalation and exhalation by contracting and relaxing
Diaphragm
105
Molecule consisting of two atoms
Diatomic molecule
106
Mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods
Digestion
107
Manufactures enzymes that break down food so that nutrients can be easily pass into the blood for use through the body; consists of all the organs from the mouth to the anus involved in the ingestion, breakdown, and processing of food
Digestive system
108
Containing two sets of chromosomes
Diploid cell
109
Writing that reflects someone's exact words, often with an attributive tag, using quotation marks
Direct dialogue (or direct discourse)
110
Noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb and answers the question whom or what
Direct object
111
Away from the origin of the body part or point of attachment (opposite of proximal)
Distal
112
Information in the legend that tells the reader how to interpret distances on the map
Distance scale
113
Property that removes parentheses and an expression, such as 8 (X plus Y) equals 8X plus 8Y.
Distributive property
114
Quantity to be divided
Dividend
115
Quantity by which another quantity is divided
Divisor
116
A molecule that exists as a double-stranded he likes made from sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous bases
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
117
Contains the cranial cavity and spinal column
Dorsal body cavity
118
First section of the small intestine
Duodenum
119
Glands and muscles that are innervated and extend away from the spinal cord
Effectors
120
Use of electric current to drive the breakdown of a molecule
Electro lysis
121
Waves of radiation that are characterized by electric and magnetic field; waves are members of the spectrum, a continuum of wavelengths ranging from very short (trillionth of a meter) to very long (kilometers) that are divided into bands of wavelengths, ordered from short to long in the order of gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, and radio waves; visible part of the spectrum can be further subdivided by color bands from short to long and the order of Violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red
Electromagnetic waves
122
Ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself
Electronegativity
123
Negatively charged subatomic particles found in various orbits around the nucleus
Electrons
124
Substance that cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means; each chemical element is characterized by the number of protons in the nucleus (example, all atoms of hydrogen have one proton, and atoms of oxygen have eight protons)
Element
125
Punctuation mark (…) Used to indicate a pause or omission of material
Ellipsis
126
Early development of an animal or plant after fertilization
Embryo
127
Act of an individual moving out of one region or country to live in another
Emigration
128
Controls body functions; glands in the system secrete hormones that travel through the blood to organs throughout the body to regulate processes such as growth and metabolism
Endocrine system
129
Tubular transport network with the cell that appears as a stack of flattened membranous Sacs
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
130
Protein catalysts; chemical that changes the rate of a chemical reaction in living tissue without itself being chemically altered; a chemical that breaks down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into nutrients that can be absorbed through the wall of the intestines into the bloodstream
Enzyme
131
Provides covering (such as skin tissue) or produces secretions (such as glandular tissue); commonly exists and sheets and does not have its own blood supply
Epithelial tissue
132
Mathematics sentence in which two expressions are set equal to each other
Equation
133
History of a given word; a Words origin
Etymology
134
Organisms that contain cellular organelles; organism that has cells that contain nuclei (protists, plants, fungi and animals)
Eukarya
135
Mechanism that inspects the DNA for damage and attempts to repair it
Excision repair
136
Act of exhaling carbon dioxide from the body
Expiration
137
Number written as a superscript that is used to denote the number of times a number should be multiplied by itself
Exponent
138
Introduces a topic or provides background information for later remarks
Expository writing
139
One or more terms consisting of any combination of Constance and or variables
Expression
140
Information based on real, provable events or situations
Fact
141
Average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years (from the ages of 15 to 44)
Fertility rate
142
Perspective in which the narrator is the one speaking, evidenced by the use of the first person pronoun I or we
First person point of view
143
Long, whip like structure used for cellular movement and certain prokaryotic cells
Flagella
144
Acronym that respects the order in which two binomials can be multiplied; stands for first, outer, inner, last
Foil
145
Cut made along a longitudinal plane that divides the body into front and back region; coronal section
Frontal section
146
Cells of reproduction
Gametes
147
Collection of nerve cell bodies
Ganglia
148
Specifies male or female gender using words such as he or she; neuter gender words like it do not specify male or female gender, but are rare in English
Gendered language
149
Portion of DNA on a chromosome that provides information for an organisms characteristics; genetic blueprint for the formation of proteins that make up the machinery of the cell
Gene
150
Complete set of DNA for an individual; contains all genes
Genome
151
Organisms underlying genetic makeup or code
Genotype
152
Reproductive cells that give rise to sperm and ovum
Germ cells
153
Protein that is roughly spherical in shape
Globular protein
154
Structure involved and packing and transporting proteins in the cell
Golgi apparatus
155
Greatest number that will divide evenly into two or more numbers
Greatest common factor
156
One set of chromosomes
Haploid cell
157
Titles that pretty face a section of text; advertise the subject of the text below, making it easier to skim or search for a particular topic; give the text structure
Headings
158
Organ that rhythmically contracts and pumps blood throughout the body
Heart
159
Flow of energy due to a difference in temperature
Heat
160
Amount of heat necessary to cause a phase transition between a liquid and gas
Heat of vaporization
161
Organisms that cannot produce its own food
Heterotroph
162
Having received different alleles for a particular trait from each.
Heterozygous
163
Graft used to compare the frequency of an event; frequencies are displayed as vertical, touching bars, and data is usually continuous
Histogram
164
Time and place in which a text was written; style and content of the text are part of its historical context
Historical context
165
A stable state in which all the needs of a body are met and all of the organ systems are working properly together
Homeostasis
166
Similar in size and function
Homologous
167
Having received the same allele for a particular trait from both parents
Homozygous
168
Compound whose structure is entirely composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms
Hydrocarbon
169
Punctuation mark (-) used to connect parts of a word or to join separate words together
Hyphen
170
Possible explanation formulated to answer questions that are being investigated; involves making predictions that follow from the initial statement of a problem
Hypothesis
171
Active an individual moving into a region or country to live
Immigration
172
Tissues, cells, and organs that work together to fight off illness and disease
Immune system
173
Fraction who's numerator is greater than its denominator
Improper fraction
174
Dominant and recessive genotypes interact to produce an intermediate phenotype
Incomplete dominance
175
Clause that has a complete meaning
Independent clause
176
Does not depend on another variable; affect the dependent variable
Independent variable
177
Listing of important names, ideas, and topics from the publication, along with page numbers (or links to those items); traditionally appears at the end of the publication
Index
178
Writing that reflects the idea of someone else's words but does not quote them directly
And direct dialogue (or indirect discourse)
179
Arriving at general principles from specific facts
Inductive reasoning
180
Mathematical sentence in which one expression may not be equal to another expression
Inequality
181
Logical conclusion or next step; inferred conclusion not actually written in the text, but deduced by the reader, based on information that is in the text
Inference
182
Toward the lower end of the body or body structure (opposite of superior)
Inferior
183
Act of breathing in oxygenated air
Inspiration
184
Protects internal tissues from injury, waterproof the body, and helps regulate body temperature; serves as a barrier to pathogen; consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails
Integumentary system
185
Protein that inhibits the reproduction of a virus
Interferon
186
Between the medical and lateral aspects of the body or body structure
Intermediate
187
Process that occurs prior to mitosis; occurs when the cell must duplicate its DNA, increase the amount of organelles and cytoplasm, and synthesize protein in preparation for cell division; three stages of interphase our gap one (G1), synthesis (S), and gap two (G2)
Interphase
188
Positively or negatively charged atoms
Ion
189
Electrical attraction between ions of opposite charges
Ionic
190
Any real number that cannot be written as a fraction
Irrational number
191
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Isotope
192
A common metric unit of energy (1 cal = 4.2 Joules)
Joule
193
Metric temperature scale defined by an absolute zero reference point (zero Kelvin = -273°C, the temperature at which molecular motion seizes)
Kelvin
194
The energy of motion
Kinetic Energy
195
Heat per mass needed for a phase change at a constant temperature
Latent heat
196
Tour the outer sides of the body or body structure (opposite of medial)
Lateral
197
If a system is closed, the total amount of energy in the system does not change; however, energy can be changed from one form to another
Law of conservation of energy
198
Smallest common multiple of the denominators; the LCD of two fractions is the least number that both denominators divide into evenly
Least common denominator (LCD)
199
Small portion of a map devoted to explaining the symbols annotations used in the main portion of the map
Legend
200
White blood cells
Leukocytes
201
Symbolic representation of covalent bonding between atoms
Lewis structure
202
Distance that light will travel within one year
Light-year
203
Terms that have the same variable and the same exponent associated with that variable
Like terms
204
Shows change over time; compares the relationship between two or more quantities
Line graph
205
Well-reasoned ideas that stems from the information in the text, not from the readers personal ideas or biases
Logical conclusion
206
See cumulative sentence
Loose sentence.
207
Paired organs that taken oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide
Lungs
208
Supports the immune system by housing and transporting white blood cells to and from lymph nodes; returns fluid that has leaked from the cardiovascular system back into the blood vessels; consists of the lymph nodes, the lymph vessels that carry length, the spleen, the thymus, and the tonsils
Lymphatic system
209
Latin word for break; used in biology and chemistry to mean rupture or destruction of the cell membrane, a cell structure, or a molecule
Lyse
210
Organelle containing digestive enzymes capable of disposing of cellular debris and worn cellular parts
Lysosome
211
Specific message of a writing
Main idea
212
Quantity of matter within an object
Mass
213
Total number of protons and neutrons found within the nucleus of an atom matter anything that takes up space and has mass
Mass number
214
Toward the middle of the body or body structure (opposite of lateral)
Medial.
215
Process by which gametes reduce their DNA content
Meiosis
216
Chemical reactions within a cell
Metabolic pathways
217
Chemical reactions in living organisms used to maintain life
Metabolism
218
Elements that may except or donate electrons readily; possess a mixture of metallic and nonmetallic properties
Metalloids
219
Elements that readily donate electrons and are good conductors of electricity; donate highly conductive electrons to their environment
Metals
220
Disk extending across the nuclear area on which the chromosomes are found at metaphase just prior to separation of the chromosomes during mitosis
Metaphase plate
221
Cellular tracks that form the mitotic spindle during mitosis
Microtubules
222
Microscopic projections of tissues that make up the villi
Microvilli
223
Sagittal section made down the median of the body
Mid sagittal section
224
Mechanism that scans over the DNA to find any mismatches of nitrogenous bases
Mismatch repair
225
Powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondrion
226
Process of cell duplication in which two daughter cells receive exactly the same nuclear material as the original cell
Mitosis
227
Number that represents the sum of a whole number and a proper fraction
Mixed number
228
Group of chemically bonded atoms that possesses characteristics independent of the atoms themselves
Molecule
229
Polynomial that has only one term
Monomial
230
Rule that states that the equality of an equation does not change if both sides of an equation are multiplied by the same nonzero number
Multiplication principle
231
Dedicated to producing movement; three types include skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
Muscle tissue
232
Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connects muscles to bones, and ligaments that attach bones together to form joints
Muscular system
233
Substance that induces mutations
Mutagen
234
Permanent change in DNA sequence
Mutation
235
Relates a chain of events or tells a story
Narrative writing
236
Process in which individuals of the species carrying certain mutations are better able to survive and reproduce and their natural environment than other members of the species (survival of the fittest)
Natural selection
237
Serves as the bodies control system; consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Nervous system
238
Structure for the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; made up of neurons that send electrical impulses throughout the body
Nervous tissue
239
Specialized cells that make up the nervous system and transmit electrical impulses
Neurons
240
Neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom
neutron
241
molecule found in DNA and RNA that encodes the genetic information in cells
Nitrogenous base
242
Changing a verb, adverb, adjective to announce
Nominalization
243
Group of words that does not contain both a subject and a verb and does not contain information that is necessary to interpreting the meaning of a sentence
Nonrestrictive phrase
244
A word for a person, place, or thing
Noun
245
Chain of nucleotides
Nucleic acid
246
Condensed DNA of a cell
Nucleoid
247
Small body within the nucleus that functions to produce ribosomes that are then moved to the cytoplasm to make cell proteins
Nucleolus
248
Molecule that consists of a pentose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Nucleotide
249
Central region of an atom; large organelle that is the control center of the entire cell
Nucleus
250
A in the fraction a/b
Numerator
251
Nouns, pronouns, phrase, or clause to which the preposition refers
Object of the preposition
252
Belief based on personal judgment, rather than on indisputable facts
Opinion
253
Arrangement of electrons within a specific region around the nucleus
Orbital shell
254
Denotes the X-coordinate (position of a point along the horizontal axis) and Y-coordinate (position of the point along the vertical axis) on a graph, written (X, Y)
Ordered pair
255
Two or more tissue types that work together to perform a specific function
Organ
256
Tiny Organ
Organelle
257
Study of the structure and properties of carbon compounds
Organic chemistry
258
Living body made up of several organ systems
Organism
259
Electron donation by a chemical group that leaves that group with one last electron and a more positive charge
Oxidation
260
Group of sentences that forms a cohesive whole due to a similar topic or theme.
Paragraph
261
Branch of the Autonomic nervous system that is active when a person is eating or addressed
Parasympathetic nerve
262
Punctuation marks () used to indicate interjectory, explanatory, or qualifying material; parentheses always comes in pairs
Parentheses
263
Comprised of "be" plus a past participle that shits the action of a sentence from the subject to the object
Passive verb
264
State of the sentence that contains a passive verb
Passive voice
265
Any disease-causing agent
Pathogen
266
Type of sugar
Pentose
267
Ratio who's denominator is 100; per 100
Percent
268
Pore-forming protein
Perforin
269
Independent clause is delayed until the end of the sentence and is often preceded by parallel strings of modifiers
Periodic sentence
270
Branch of the nervous system that extends outside of the central nervous system and consists of the cranial and spinal nerves
Peripheral nervous system
271
Rhythmic contradictions of the stomach and intestines that propels food tour of the colon and anus
Peristalsis
272
Organelle used to rid the body of toxic components
Peroxisome
273
Writing intended to change the readers mind or form the readers opinions on a particular topic
Persuasive writing
274
Measure of hydrogen ion concentration within a solution; the scale used to measure the strength of acidic solutions; pH = -log (hydrogen ion concentration)
PH
275
Chemical detector of hydrogen ions to visually determine acidity (color change)
PH indicator
276
Engulfing of pathogens by white blood cells
Phagocytosis
277
Alteration of the physical state of a substance between a solid, liquid, and gas
Phase transition
278
Physical expression of genetic traits
Phenotype
279
Molecule in the backbone of DNA and RNA that links adjoining bases together
Phosphate group
280
Process carried out by green plants, green algae, and certain bacteria, in which the energy from sunlight is trapped by chlorophyll and use for synthesis of glucose
Photosynthesis
281
Group of words that are related but do not contain a verb and a subject together
Phrase
282
Physical connection between atoms (or molecules) that does not alter the chemical nature of the atoms (or molecules)
Physical bonding
283
Study of the function of the various organs and body system
Physiology
284
See circle graph
Pie chart
285
Small circular portions of DNA not associated with the nucleoid
Plasmids
286
Perspective from which an author writes
Point of view
287
Possesses both positive and negative regions
Polar molecule
288
Term or a combination of terms
Polynomial
289
Used to indicate ownership
Possessive pronoun
290
Toward the back of the body or body structure (opposite of anterior)
Posterior
291
Stored energy
Potential energy
292
Group of letters added to the beginning of a word that modifies or extends the words meaning
Prefix
293
Words such as by, at, two, and from that give additional information, usually in relationship to something else
Preposition
294
First hand record of events, theories, opinions, or actions; either published or unpublished documents, recordings, or artifacts that our contemporary to the events, people, or information that is at issue
Primary source
295
Presents a problem or question, and then responds with a solution or answer
Problem-solution text structure
296
Substances formed as a result of chemical reactions
Products
297
Single-celled organisms lacking defined cellular organelles or a nucleus
Prokaryote
298
Word that replaces a noun
Pronoun
299
Fraction who's numerator is less than its denominator
Proper fraction
300
Two ratios that are sent equal to each other
Proportion
301
Compound composed of a large number of amino acids joined in a particular type of chemical bond called a peptide bond
Protein
302
Positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom
Proton
303
Close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment (opposite of distal)
Proximal
304
Graphical way to show all possible combinations of alleles given the two parents' genotypes
Punnett square
305
Nitrogenous base with two rings (adenine and guanine)
Purine
306
Main reason or intent for writing a particular piece
Purpose of a passage
307
Muscle that separates the stomach from the duodenum and slowly releases chyme from the stomach into the small intestine (duodenum)
Pyloric sphincter
308
Nitrogenous base with one ring (timing, cytosine, uracil)
Pyrimidine
309
Relating to numbers
Quantitative
310
Punctuation marks ("") used to indicate the exact phrasing of material or to show dialogue; always come in pairs
Quotation marks
311
C in the equation = c
Quotient
312
Speed at which something changes
Rate of change
313
Relationship between two quantities
Ratio
314
Any real number that can be written as a fraction
Rational number
315
Substances consumed or altered in a chemical reaction
Reactants
316
Any number on the number line
Real number
317
The multiplicative inverse of a number; the reciprocal of a/B is B/A
Reciprocal
318
Electron acceptance by a chemical that produces a more negative charge on the group
Reduction
319
Automatic response to a stimulus that occurs when neurons transmit a message to the spinal cord, which interns sends a message back to the muscles to react before the message is transmitted to the brain
Reflex
320
Main purpose is to produce offspring; houses hormones that encourage or suppress activities within the body (E.G, Lovato and aggression) and influences the development of masculine or feminine body characteristics; consists of the testes D's and penis or the ovaries, vagina, and breasts
Reproductive system
321
Organ system that provides for Eric's changed by supplying tissues with oxygenated blood and removing carbon dioxide
Respiratory system
322
Organelle responsible for synthesizing protein within the cell from amino acid
Ribosome
323
Single-stranded molecule made from sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous bases, required for the transfer and translation of the DNA code within a cell.
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
324
Written numbers that use a combination of M, D, C, L, X, V, and I
Roman numerals
325
A word and its simplest form before any affixes are attached
Root word
326
Cut made along a Longitudinal plane that divides the body into right and left parts
Sagittal section
327
Neutral product of an anion and a cation
Salt
328
Chemical structure composed entirely of single bonds
Saturated hydrocarbon
329
Any standard instrument of measurement that has marking at establish intervals
Scale
330
Perspective in which the writer directly addresses the reader using the pronoun you
Second-person point of view
331
Process of moving proteins outside the cell
Secretion
332
Punctuation mark (;) used to indicate division between equal elements in a sentence
Semicolon
333
Neurons that carry messages from sense organs to the brain and spinal cord
Sensory neurons
334
Part of the peripheral nervous system that consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and associated ganglia; controls voluntary actions of the body
Sensory-somatic nervous system
335
Ordered list of thoughts or ideas
Sequence
336
Contains only one independent clause and no dependent clauses
Simple sentence
337
Has no common factors between the numerator and the denominator except for the number one (a reduced fraction)
Simplified fraction
338
Supports and protects the body and its organs; supplies a framework that, when used in conjunction with the muscles, create movement; serves as storage for minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus; consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints
Skeletal system
339
Energy required to raise one unit of mass in a substance by 1°C
Specific heat
340
Can divide and remain undifferentiated; gives rise to a variety of more-specialized cells
Stem cells
341
Oversimplified opinions about an entire group of people or things that do not account for individual differences
Stereotypes
342
Change in the environment that triggers a physical response
Stimulus
343
Headings that appear below other headings; appear in the smaller typeface then headings, so that they may easily be distinguished; single heading may have many subheadings, and the subheadings may have their own subheadings
Subheadings
344
Noun or pronoun that performs the action of the verb in a sentence; if a sentence contains a verb of being or a linking verb such as be, feel, become, or look, the subject of the sentence is the noun or pronoun being described
Subject
345
Where'd that joins two or more clauses and makes the clause that contains it dependent on another clause, and therefore of slightly less importance; there are many subordinating conjunction's, but some common ones are because, though, although, while, if, and as if
Subordinating conjunction
346
Molecule acted upon by an enzyme
Substrate
347
Group of letters added to the end of a word that modifies or extends the words meaning
Suffix
348
Recaps the essential points of a paragraph, or of a larger work, such as an essay; gives the reader the take-away message for the paragraph, or for the larger work
Summary sentence
349
Toward or at the body surface (opposite of deep)
Superficial
350
Toward the upper end of the body or body structure (opposite of inferior)
Superior
351
Examples and details that explain the topic of a paragraph; follows the topic sentence
Support
352
Details that explain the main idea
Supporting details
353
Branch of the autonomic nervous system that is activated when a person is excited or scared
Sympathetic nerve
354
Fluid-filled gap that connects the axon of one nerve cell with the cell body of another
Synapse
355
Lymphocyte that is responsible for cellular immunity
T cell
356
Listing of the publications chapters, sections, or other organizational units; include page numbers (web documents may have links to the various sections)
Table of contents
357
Money received after deductions are subtracted from the beginning salary
Take-home pay
358
Classification of organisms into universally excepted Taxons; names reflect that organisms evolutionary heritage
Taxonomy
359
Writing that passes along specific information or knowledge any formal or standardize way
Technical writing
360
Constant, variable, or product of a constant and variable
Term
361
Formatting that serves a consistent purpose and a document; add meaning to the text that they modify, change the text meaning, or add structure and clarity to the document
Text features
362
Way of organizing text to better present thoughts or ideas; includes sequence, problem-solution, comparison-contrast, description, and cause-affect
Text structure
363
Subjects that a written work frequently touches upon
Themes
364
Perspective in which the narrator is distance from the story and tells it as an outsider; third-person pronouns such as he, she, or they
Third-person point of view
365
Collection of cells in an organism that have a similar function and structure
Tissue
366
General subject matter covered by writing
Topic
367
Generally at or near the beginning of the paragraph; give the topic or point of the paragraph and often explains that topic in relation to the overall theme of the writing
Topic sentence
368
Airway that connects the larynx to the bronchial tubes; also known as the wind pipe
Trachea
369
Process of cells copying the instruction from the DNA into the already
Transcription
370
Smooth movement from one idea to the next, from one sentence to the next, or from one paragraph to the next; transition words may include additionally, finally, similarly, next, however, and furthermore
Transition
371
Process of protein reduction from messenger RNA
Translation
372
Cut made along a horizontal line plane that divides the body into upper and lower region; cross-section
Transverse section
373
Temperature and pressure at which a substance will call exist as a solid, liquid, and gas
Triple-point
374
A chemical molecule containing at least one double or triple bond
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
375
Helps maintain the water and electrolyte balance within the body; regulates the acid-based balance of the blood; removes all nitrogen-containing waste from the body
Urinary system
376
And activated form of a pathogen that stimulates the body to produce antibodies for future protection
Vaccine
377
Basic storage unit of a cell that can hold various compounds
Vacuole
378
Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom
Valence electrons
379
Unknown quantity in an expression or equation
Variable
380
Blood vessels that transport an oxygenated blood from the capillaries back to the heart
Veins
381
Contains all the structures within the chest and abdomen; the diaphragm divides the ventral cavity into the thoracic cavity (superior to the diaphragm); below the diaphragm are the abdominal and pelvic cavities
Ventral body cavity
382
Word that shows an action or state of being
Verb
383
Word that is sometimes used as a verb but is currently being used as another part of speech
Verbal
384
Small membrane-bound sacs within the cytoplasm used to transport proteins or other substances in and out of the cell
Vesicles
385
Distance between a number and zero on the number line
Absolute value
386
Finger-like projections in the mucosa of the small intestine lining; produced a pleated appearance; each villus is supplied with blood and has lymphatic vessels for absorption
Villi
387
Nonzero, positive integer parentheses zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, etc.)
Whole numbers
388
Way in which the parts of a word are arranged together
Word structure
389
Results of any change in energy
Work
390
A one-celled organism resulting from the fertilization of an egg
Zygote
