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Earth & Physical Science Flashcards

1
Q

Waves of radiation that are characterized by electric and magnetic fields

A

Electromagnetic waves

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2
Q

Distinguish the spectrum of wavelengths ordered from short to long

A
  1. Gamma ray
  2. X-Ray
  3. Ultraviolet
  4. Visible
  5. Infrared
  6. Microwave
  7. Radio waves
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3
Q

The visible part of the spectrum can be further subdivided by color bands from long to short, list them

A
  1. Red
  2. Orange
  3. Yellow
  4. Green
  5. Blue
  6. Indigo
  7. Violet
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4
Q

The results of any change in energy

A

Work

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5
Q

Work is measured by

A

Joules or calories

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6
Q

Amount of energy associated with an objects motion may be quantified through a calculation of its…

A

Kinetic energy

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7
Q

What is the formula to calculate Kinetic energy

A

KE= 1/2 mv^2

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8
Q

The amount of stored energy and object may be quantified through a calculation of it’s….

A

Potential energy

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9
Q

What is the formula to calculate potential energy

A

PE= mgh

Mass)(standard gravity constant)(height

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10
Q

This says that energy is not lost but rather transferred back and forth between Kinetic energy and potential energy

A

Law of conservation of energy

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11
Q

What is the formula to find conservation of energy

A

KE + PE = TE

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12
Q

Anything that takes up space and has mass

A

Matter

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13
Q

The quantity of matter and object has

A

Mass

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14
Q

Substances that cannot be broken into simpler types of matter are called

A

Elements

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15
Q

The total number of protons and neutrons found within the nucleus of an atom

A

Mass number

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16
Q

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element is the

A

Atomic number

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17
Q

A dynamic event that alters the chemical makeup of an atom, may cause an imbalance in the charge, resulting in excess protons or electrons

A

Chemical reaction

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18
Q

Excess protons or electrons of a chemical imbalance produces a positively or negatively charged Adam called

A

Ion

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19
Q

The average mass of all of the known isotopes of an element is

A

Atomic mass

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20
Q

The number of neutrons plus the number of protons equals

A

The mass number

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21
Q

So the mass number minus the number of protons equals

A

The number of neutrons

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22
Q

Adams with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons

A

Isotopes

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23
Q

This controls the rate of chemical reactions, or reactions in which atoms react to come to a stable state.

A

Catalysts

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24
Q

The molecular surface acted upon by an enzyme

A

Substrate

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25
Catalyst increase reaction rates by lowering
Activation energy
26
The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom are called
Valence electrons
27
The chemical merging of atoms due to their electron arrangement
Chemical bonding
28
Proteins that are water-soluble
Globular protein
29
A measure of hydrogen ion concentration within a solution, and a substrate is a molecular surface acted upon by an enzyme.
The pH value
30
Chemical reactions with the cell
Metabolic pathways
31
Solutions with the pH value less than seven
Acidic solutions
32
Solutions with a pH value greater than seven
Basic solutions
33
What is the formula to calculate pH
PH = -log(a subscript H)
34
This is used to qualitatively determine the pH
PH indicator
35
Litmus paper will indicate red for _____ and blue for _____
Acidic solution | Basic solution
36
The distance that light will travel within one year of time
Light years
37
The electrical attraction between ions of opposite charges
Ionic
38
Sharing of electrons between atoms
Covalent
39
Chemical bonding primarily occurs through...
Ionic and covalent
40
Molecules like methane, propane, and butane bonded to hydrogen and carbon atoms, they are called
Hydrocarbons
41
Hydrocarbons are generally subdivided into ...
Saturated and unsaturated categories
42
Saturated hydrocarbons are also known as
Alkanes
43
This is the most basic structure of the hydrocarbons
Alkanes also known as saturated hydrocarbons
44
These compounds are composed entirely of single bonds and are saturated with hydrogen (carbon is completely connected)
Alkanes or saturated hydrocarbons
45
What is the general formula for saturated hydrocarbons
``` C subscript (n) H subscript (2n+2) Where n is a whole number greater than or equal to one ```
46
Saturated hydrocarbons are the basis of what
Petroleum fuels
47
This hydrocarbon has one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
48
Those unsaturated hydrocarbons with one double bond are called
Alkenes
49
What is the general formula for the unsaturated hydrocarbon that is an alkene
``` C subscript (n) H subscript (2n) While n is a whole number greater than or equal to one ```
50
And unsaturated hydrocarbon containing triple bonds are called
Alkynes
51
What is the general formula for the unsaturated hydrocarbon that is an alkyne
C subscript (n) H subscript (2n-2)
52
The basis of this is connected with the study of hydrocarbon structure
Organic chemistry
53
Identify the name and formula of a common saturated hydrocarbon that has one carbon atom
Methane CnH2n+2 C1H4
54
Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has two carbon atoms
Ethane CnH2n+2 C2H6
55
Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has three carbon atoms
Propane CnH2n+2 C3H8
56
Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has four carbon atoms
Butane Isobutane CnH2n+2 C4H10
57
Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has five carbon atoms
Pentane isopentane CnH2n+2 C5H12
58
Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has six carbon atoms
Hexane CnH2n+2 C6H14
59
Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has seven carbon atoms
Heptane CnH2n+2 C7H16
60
Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has eight carbon atoms
Octane CnH2n+2 C8H18
61
Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has nine carbon atoms
Nonane CnH2n+2 C9H20
62
Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has 10 carbon atoms
Decane CnH2n+2 C10H22
63
Identify the name of all 1-10 carbon atoms and formula of a common unsaturated hydrocarbon that has a double bond
Formula: CnH2n 1. Nothing 2. Ethene C2H4 3. Propene C3H6 4. Butene C4H8 5. Pentene C5H10 6. Hexene C6H12 7. Heptene C7H14 8. Octene C8H16 9. Nonene C9H18 10. Decene C10H20
64
Identify the name of all 1-10 carbon atoms and formula of a common unsaturated hydrocarbon that has triple bonds
Formula: CnH2n-2 1. Nothing 2. Ethyne C2H2 3. Propyne C3H4 4. Butyne C4H6 5. Pentyne C5H8 6. Hexyne C6H10 7. Heptyne C7H12 8. Octyne C8H14 9. Nonyne C9H16 10. Decyne C10H18
65
What is to the left of the bold stair line on the periodic table
Metals
66
What is to the right of the bold stair line on the periodic table
Nonmetals
67
What are in contact with the stairstep line
Metalloids
68
These are elements that may except or donate electrons readily, and possess a mixture of metallic and nonmetallic properties
Metalloids
69
This provides visual representation of covalent bonding between atoms of a molecule
Lewis structures
70
This involves electron donation to produce a more positive ion
Oxidation
71
This involves electron acceptance to produce a more negative ion
Reduction
72
What are a few examples of oxidation-reduction reaction
1. Combustion 2. Photosynthesis 3. Metabolism
73
Refers to the chemical reactions in living organisms that are necessary to maintain life
Metabolism
74
Be able to write out the oxidation reaction
H2 -> 2H+ + 2e-
75
Be able to write out the reduction reaction
F2 + 2e- -> 2F-
76
Be able to write oxidation and reduction equation
H2 + F2 -> 2HF
77
C3H8 + 5O2 -> 4H2O + 3CO2 + heat
This is an example of combustion
78
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
This is an example of photosynthesis
79
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
This is an example of metabolism
80
any compound with the hydrogen ion activity greater than water (pH
Acid
81
Any compound with the hydrogen ion activity less than water (pH > 7)
Base
82
Although acids and bases do not generally undergo oxidation and reduction, their reaction will produce....
Water and salt
83
A molecule that possesses both positive and negative atomic structure.
Polar molecule
84
This can chemically split the liquid water molecule into gaseous components
Electrolysis
85
This is the ratio of mass per volume for a substance
Density
86
Water is characterized by a maximum density at what degrees
4°C
87
This is a metric temperature scale that is defined by the melting point of ice (0 degrees) and the boiling point of water (100 degrees)
Celsius
88
The scale is alternately used to express temperature
Kelvin
89
Kelvin is a metric temperature scale defined by an absolute zero reference point. When Kelvin is 0° what is it equal?
0K = -273°C
90
The temperature and pressure at which water will come exist as a solid, liquid, and gas (273.16 K equals 0.01°C)
Triple point
91
The energy required to raise one unit of mass of a substance by 1°C
Specific heat
92
The amount of heat necessary to cause a phase transition between a liquid and a gas
Heat of vaporization
93
Water is known for having a ______ specific heat and a _____ heat of vaporization
High, high
94
What is the formula to convert Kelvin into Celsius
C = K - 273.15
95
How do you convert Celsius into kelvin
K = C + 273.15
96
How do you convert Celsius into Fahrenheit
F = (9/5)C + 32
97
How do you convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
C= (5/9)(F - 32)
98
What is the formula for heat
H = M x L

TEAS Preparation (5 decks)

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