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TEAS Preparation > Earth & Physical Science > Flashcards

Earth & Physical Science Flashcards

1
Q

Waves of radiation that are characterized by electric and magnetic fields

A

Electromagnetic waves

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2
Q

Distinguish the spectrum of wavelengths ordered from short to long

A
  1. Gamma ray
  2. X-Ray
  3. Ultraviolet
  4. Visible
  5. Infrared
  6. Microwave
  7. Radio waves
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3
Q

The visible part of the spectrum can be further subdivided by color bands from long to short, list them

A
  1. Red
  2. Orange
  3. Yellow
  4. Green
  5. Blue
  6. Indigo
  7. Violet
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4
Q

The results of any change in energy

A

Work

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5
Q

Work is measured by

A

Joules or calories

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6
Q

Amount of energy associated with an objects motion may be quantified through a calculation of its…

A

Kinetic energy

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7
Q

What is the formula to calculate Kinetic energy

A

KE= 1/2 mv^2

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8
Q

The amount of stored energy and object may be quantified through a calculation of it’s….

A

Potential energy

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9
Q

What is the formula to calculate potential energy

A

PE= mgh

Mass)(standard gravity constant)(height

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10
Q

This says that energy is not lost but rather transferred back and forth between Kinetic energy and potential energy

A

Law of conservation of energy

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11
Q

What is the formula to find conservation of energy

A

KE + PE = TE

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12
Q

Anything that takes up space and has mass

A

Matter

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13
Q

The quantity of matter and object has

A

Mass

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14
Q

Substances that cannot be broken into simpler types of matter are called

A

Elements

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15
Q

The total number of protons and neutrons found within the nucleus of an atom

A

Mass number

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16
Q

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element is the

A

Atomic number

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17
Q

A dynamic event that alters the chemical makeup of an atom, may cause an imbalance in the charge, resulting in excess protons or electrons

A

Chemical reaction

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18
Q

Excess protons or electrons of a chemical imbalance produces a positively or negatively charged Adam called

A

Ion

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19
Q

The average mass of all of the known isotopes of an element is

A

Atomic mass

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20
Q

The number of neutrons plus the number of protons equals

A

The mass number

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21
Q

So the mass number minus the number of protons equals

A

The number of neutrons

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22
Q

Adams with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons

A

Isotopes

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23
Q

This controls the rate of chemical reactions, or reactions in which atoms react to come to a stable state.

A

Catalysts

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24
Q

The molecular surface acted upon by an enzyme

A

Substrate

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25
Q

Catalyst increase reaction rates by lowering

A

Activation energy

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26
Q

The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom are called

A

Valence electrons

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27
Q

The chemical merging of atoms due to their electron arrangement

A

Chemical bonding

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28
Q

Proteins that are water-soluble

A

Globular protein

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29
Q

A measure of hydrogen ion concentration within a solution, and a substrate is a molecular surface acted upon by an enzyme.

A

The pH value

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30
Q

Chemical reactions with the cell

A

Metabolic pathways

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31
Q

Solutions with the pH value less than seven

A

Acidic solutions

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32
Q

Solutions with a pH value greater than seven

A

Basic solutions

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33
Q

What is the formula to calculate pH

A

PH = -log(a subscript H)

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34
Q

This is used to qualitatively determine the pH

A

PH indicator

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35
Q

Litmus paper will indicate red for _____ and blue for _____

A

Acidic solution

Basic solution

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36
Q

The distance that light will travel within one year of time

A

Light years

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37
Q

The electrical attraction between ions of opposite charges

A

Ionic

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38
Q

Sharing of electrons between atoms

A

Covalent

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39
Q

Chemical bonding primarily occurs through…

A

Ionic and covalent

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40
Q

Molecules like methane, propane, and butane bonded to hydrogen and carbon atoms, they are called

A

Hydrocarbons

41
Q

Hydrocarbons are generally subdivided into …

A

Saturated and unsaturated categories

42
Q

Saturated hydrocarbons are also known as

A

Alkanes

43
Q

This is the most basic structure of the hydrocarbons

A

Alkanes also known as saturated hydrocarbons

44
Q

These compounds are composed entirely of single bonds and are saturated with hydrogen (carbon is completely connected)

A

Alkanes or saturated hydrocarbons

45
Q

What is the general formula for saturated hydrocarbons

A 
C subscript (n) H subscript (2n+2)
Where n is a whole number greater than or equal to one
46
Q

Saturated hydrocarbons are the basis of what

A

Petroleum fuels

47
Q

This hydrocarbon has one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

48
Q

Those unsaturated hydrocarbons with one double bond are called

A

Alkenes

49
Q

What is the general formula for the unsaturated hydrocarbon that is an alkene

A 
C subscript (n) H subscript (2n)
While n is a whole number greater than or equal to one
50
Q

And unsaturated hydrocarbon containing triple bonds are called

A

Alkynes

51
Q

What is the general formula for the unsaturated hydrocarbon that is an alkyne

A

C subscript (n) H subscript (2n-2)

52
Q

The basis of this is connected with the study of hydrocarbon structure

A

Organic chemistry

53
Q

Identify the name and formula of a common saturated hydrocarbon that has one carbon atom

A

Methane
CnH2n+2
C1H4

54
Q

Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has two carbon atoms

A

Ethane
CnH2n+2
C2H6

55
Q

Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has three carbon atoms

A

Propane
CnH2n+2
C3H8

56
Q

Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has four carbon atoms

A

Butane Isobutane
CnH2n+2
C4H10

57
Q

Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has five carbon atoms

A

Pentane isopentane
CnH2n+2
C5H12

58
Q

Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has six carbon atoms

A

Hexane
CnH2n+2
C6H14

59
Q

Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has seven carbon atoms

A

Heptane
CnH2n+2
C7H16

60
Q

Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has eight carbon atoms

A

Octane
CnH2n+2
C8H18

61
Q

Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has nine carbon atoms

A

Nonane
CnH2n+2
C9H20

62
Q

Identify the name and formula of the common saturated hydrocarbon that has 10 carbon atoms

A

Decane
CnH2n+2
C10H22

63
Q

Identify the name of all 1-10 carbon atoms and formula of a common unsaturated hydrocarbon that has a double bond

A

Formula: CnH2n

  1. Nothing
  2. Ethene C2H4
  3. Propene C3H6
  4. Butene C4H8
  5. Pentene C5H10
  6. Hexene C6H12
  7. Heptene C7H14
  8. Octene C8H16
  9. Nonene C9H18
  10. Decene C10H20
64
Q

Identify the name of all 1-10 carbon atoms and formula of a common unsaturated hydrocarbon that has triple bonds

A

Formula: CnH2n-2

  1. Nothing
  2. Ethyne C2H2
  3. Propyne C3H4
  4. Butyne C4H6
  5. Pentyne C5H8
  6. Hexyne C6H10
  7. Heptyne C7H12
  8. Octyne C8H14
  9. Nonyne C9H16
  10. Decyne C10H18
65
Q

What is to the left of the bold stair line on the periodic table

A

Metals

66
Q

What is to the right of the bold stair line on the periodic table

A

Nonmetals

67
Q

What are in contact with the stairstep line

A

Metalloids

68
Q

These are elements that may except or donate electrons readily, and possess a mixture of metallic and nonmetallic properties

A

Metalloids

69
Q

This provides visual representation of covalent bonding between atoms of a molecule

A

Lewis structures

70
Q

This involves electron donation to produce a more positive ion

A

Oxidation

71
Q

This involves electron acceptance to produce a more negative ion

A

Reduction

72
Q

What are a few examples of oxidation-reduction reaction

A
  1. Combustion
  2. Photosynthesis
  3. Metabolism
73
Q

Refers to the chemical reactions in living organisms that are necessary to maintain life

A

Metabolism

74
Q

Be able to write out the oxidation reaction

A

H2 -> 2H+ + 2e-

75
Q

Be able to write out the reduction reaction

A

F2 + 2e- -> 2F-

76
Q

Be able to write oxidation and reduction equation

A

H2 + F2 -> 2HF

77
Q

C3H8 + 5O2 -> 4H2O + 3CO2 + heat

A

This is an example of combustion

78
Q

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

A

This is an example of photosynthesis

79
Q

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

A

This is an example of metabolism

80
Q

any compound with the hydrogen ion activity greater than water (pH

A

Acid

81
Q

Any compound with the hydrogen ion activity less than water (pH > 7)

A

Base

82
Q

Although acids and bases do not generally undergo oxidation and reduction, their reaction will produce….

A

Water and salt

83
Q

A molecule that possesses both positive and negative atomic structure.

A

Polar molecule

84
Q

This can chemically split the liquid water molecule into gaseous components

A

Electrolysis

85
Q

This is the ratio of mass per volume for a substance

A

Density

86
Q

Water is characterized by a maximum density at what degrees

A

4°C

87
Q

This is a metric temperature scale that is defined by the melting point of ice (0 degrees) and the boiling point of water (100 degrees)

A

Celsius

88
Q

The scale is alternately used to express temperature

A

Kelvin

89
Q

Kelvin is a metric temperature scale defined by an absolute zero reference point. When Kelvin is 0° what is it equal?

A

0K = -273°C

90
Q

The temperature and pressure at which water will come exist as a solid, liquid, and gas (273.16 K equals 0.01°C)

A

Triple point

91
Q

The energy required to raise one unit of mass of a substance by 1°C

A

Specific heat

92
Q

The amount of heat necessary to cause a phase transition between a liquid and a gas

A

Heat of vaporization

93
Q

Water is known for having a ______ specific heat and a _____ heat of vaporization

A

High, high

94
Q

What is the formula to convert Kelvin into Celsius

A

C = K - 273.15

95
Q

How do you convert Celsius into kelvin

A

K = C + 273.15

96
Q

How do you convert Celsius into Fahrenheit

A

F = (9/5)C + 32

97
Q

How do you convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

C= (5/9)(F - 32)

98
Q

What is the formula for heat

A

H = M x L

TEAS Preparation (5 decks)

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