Vocabulary

Question 1

Asymptomatic

Answer 1

host defense clear pathogen before any symptoms of disease are noted

Question 2

Inapparent

Answer 2

host defense clear pathogen before any symptoms of disease are noted

Question 3

Subclinical Infection

Answer 3

host defense clear pathogen before any symptoms of disease are noted

Question 4

Communicable infection

Answer 4

can be passed from host to host

Question 5

Contagious infection

Answer 5

HIGHLY communicable

Question 6

Latent infection

Answer 6

disease subside, BUT microorganisms remain in the body and can restart disease later

Question 7

Chronic carrier state

Answer 7

host survived disease BUT continued to shed the pathogen indefinately

Question 8

Epidemic

Answer 8

much more frequent infection than usual

Question 9

Pandemic

Answer 9

worldwide distribution infection

Question 10

Parasitism

Answer 10

pathogens are parasites in a sense that they harm the host by taking its resources to reproduce themselves

Question 11

Obligate intracellular parasites

Answer 11

ALL viruses and FEW bacteria which must enter host cells to reproduce

Question 12

Facultative intracellular parasites

Answer 12

MOST bacteria. Reproduce outside host cells when they need to

Question 13

Opportunistic infection

Answer 13

very unlikely to cause disease in a healthy person, but take advantage of host that is injured or immunosuppressed

Question 14

ID50

Answer 14

Infectious dose - dose needed to cause disease in 50% of ppl

Lower # - higher virulence

Question 15

FD50

Answer 15

Lethal dose - dose needed to kill 50% of ppl

Lower # - higher virulence

Question 16

Nonpathogen Virulence, ID, LD

Answer 16

Very low V, Very high LD, high ID

Question 17

Opportunistic pathogen Virulence, ID, LD

Answer 17

Low V, High LD, Low-Med ID

Question 18

Pathogen Virulence, ID, LD

Answer 18

Mid-High V, Mid-Low LD, Low ID

Question 19

Noncommunicable infection

Answer 19

comes from environment, not a previous host

Question 20

Virulence

Answer 20

numerical value of pathogenicity

Question 21

Virulence Factors

Answer 21

Gene products expressed by pathogens that directly contribute to the disease process
ENHANCE pathogenicity

Question 22

Pathogenicity Islands

Answer 22

A groups of pathogenic genes in close proximity

Question 23

What are the FIVE possible functions of VF?

Answer 23

Survival in extreme environment
Adhesion
Immune Evasion
Take over host cells
Poison Host

Question 24

Reservoir

Answer 24

long term host of pathogen

Question 25

Vertical transmission

Answer 25

From mother to baby

Question 26

Vector

Answer 26

Organism that transmits pathogen from reservoir to host

Question 27

Fomite

Answer 27

Inanimate object that is contaminated with infectious agent, and serves in their trasmission

Question 28

Toxoid

Answer 28

A substance that has been treated to destroy its toxic properties but that retains the capacity to stimulate production of antitoxins, used in immunization

Question 29

What is the typical timeline of infectious disease?

Answer 29

Incubation Period
Prodrome Period
Specific-Illness Period
Recovery/Convalescence

Question 30

Incubation Period

Answer 30

lag between colonization by organism or exposure to toxon and onset of symptoms

Question 31

Prodrome Period

Answer 31

non-specific immunogenic symptoms like fever/fatigue

Question 32

Specific-Illness Period

Answer 32

pathogen-mediated symptoms

Question 33

Recovery/Convalescence

Answer 33

pathogen cleared and patient regains strength

Question 34

Type 3 SS

Answer 34

Delivers toxin “injectosome”

Question 35

Pyogenic

Answer 35

pus-forming (predominately neutrophils)

Question 36

Granulomatous

Answer 36

macrophages kill most of the bacteria, but some survive inside MO’s within a granuloma

Question 37

Exotoxin

Answer 37

Produced by pathogen
Exposure DOES induce neutralizing Abs- can raise vaccines against inactivated toxoid
Gram + and -

Question 38

Endotoxin

Answer 38

Part of pathogen, that host reacts to
LPS
DO NOT raise protective Abs, - vaccine useless
Gram -