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Microbiology > Spirochetes > Flashcards

Spirochetes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How are Spirochetes transmitted? (3)

A

Sexually - syphillis
Vectors - lyme disease, relapsing fever
Environmentally - Lep-to-spi-ro-sis

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2
Q

What are there VF for?

A

Immune Evasion

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3
Q

Whats the problem in diagnosing T. pallidum (Syphillis)?

A

Too small for standard microscopy

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4
Q

What is the problem in diagnosing B. burgdorfi (Lyme Disease)?

A

No good lab diagnostic

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5
Q

Why is an eye exam useful in diagnosing spirochetes?

A

Argryll-Robertson pupil –> Neurosyphilis
Conjunctival suffusion (redness w/o exude) –>
lep-to-spi-ro-sis

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6
Q

What does Argryll-Robertson pupil do?

A

One or both pupils fail to constrict in response to light

But does constrict to focus on near object

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7
Q

What is the general treatment for spirochetes if caught early?

A

Curable by standard Abt - little resistance

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8
Q

What is the general treatment for spirochetes if caught late?

A

Infection can still be cured, but recovery of immune system and nerves can take months-yrs (if ever)

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9
Q

What rxn usually occurs do to treatment?

A

Ja-risch Herx-hei-mer

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10
Q

What occurs during Ja-risch Herx-hei-mer?

A

Occurs 24hrs after Abt treatment
Flulike symptoms
Last 24-48hrs

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11
Q

What are the two ex of spirochetes used?

A

Treponema pallidum

Borrelia burgdorferi

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12
Q

What is Treponema pallidum?

A

Syphyllis

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13
Q

What is Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Lyme disease

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14
Q

What is the bacteriology of Treponema pallidum?

A

Spirochetes are motile - flagella corkscrew motion
NOT culturable
Very slow growing
Too slender to Grain Stain

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15
Q

How is T. pallidum transmitted? (3)

A

Sexually - low ID50
Mother to baby during birth
Blood transfusin

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16
Q

Is the incidence of T. pallidum increasing/decreasing?

A

Increasing

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17
Q

What does T. pallidum infect?

A

Endothelium of small blood vessels

18
Q

What kind of infection is T. pallidum?

A

It is a triphasic infection (3 phases)

19
Q

What is Primary Syphillis?

A

Weeks after infection
Initial replication at site of infection
Forms ulcers
Initiates bacterimia

20
Q

What is Secondary Syphillis?

A

Months after infection
Macropapular rash on palms and soles
Moist papules on skin and mucous membrane
HIGHLY infectious moist lesion in genitals called
–>condylomata lata

21
Q

What happens after secondary syphillis? (3)

A

1/3 - Resolved
1/3 - Enter latency
1/3 - Enter tertiary syphillis

22
Q

What classifies early latency?

A

Symptoms come and go

Patient Remains Infectious

23
Q

What classifies late latency?

A

Symptoms absent

Not infectious

24
Q

What makes up the tertiary syphillis?

A

Gummatous syphilis
Cardiovascular syphillis
Neurosyphilis

25
Q

What is Gummatous syphilis?

A 
granulomatous lesions (gummus) w/ rubbery, necrotic center
Primarily liver, bones, testes
26
Q

What is cardiovascular syphilis?

A

After 10 yrs

Aneurysm of ascending aorta caused by chronic inflammation of vasa vasorum

27
Q

What is neurosyphilis?

A

Syphilitic meningitis - 6 months
Meningovascular syphillis - damage blood vessels of meninges, brain, spinal cord
Parenchymal neurosyphilis - extensive damage and dangerous brain damage

28
Q

What is congenital syphilis?

A

Mom to child during birth

Crosses placenta–> still birth or fetal abnormalities

29
Q

How do you diagnose syphilis?

A

Exam

Lam

30
Q

What makes up an exam?

A

look for chancre, rash, condylomata lata, granulomas, CNS symptoms

31
Q

What are some lab procedures used to diagnosis? (2)

A

Microscopy - darkfiled microscopy or IF
Serology
-Reagin
-Specific Abs

32
Q

How do you treat syphilis?

A

Antibiotics
-Single injection of BEN_ZA_THINE penicillin G for primary or secondary syphilis (slow release)
-Alternate is DOXYCYCLINE
Patients should dev flulike symptoms for 24hrs after treatments (Ja-rish Herxheimer)

33
Q

What does Borrelia burg-dor-feri cause?

A

Lyme Disease

34
Q

What is Borrelia burg-dor-feri’s bacteriology?

A 
Motile spirochete
Visible by standard microscopy
Tick borne
Small mammal (mouse/rat) reservoirs
Large mammal host
35
Q

How is Borrelia burg-dor-feri transmitted?

A

Tick nymphs

Require 24-48hrs to transmit

36
Q

What is Borrelia burgdorferi’s pathogenesis?

A

Does not involve toxins, primarily immune evasion

Symptoms are spread

37
Q

Where are the symptoms spread to?

A

Bite site
Blood
Heart, joints, CNS

38
Q

How do you diagnose Borreloa burgdorferi?

A

Exam

Lab

39
Q

How do you diagnose Borrelia burgdorferi using an Exam?

A 
Different symptoms for different stages
Stage 1 (days) 
Stage 2 (weeks)
Stage 3 (months)
Post-treatment
40
Q

How do you diagnose Borrelia burgdorferi using Lab?

A

Serology (ELISA) or IF, BUT likely to be negative <2 wks post-infection
Confirm with western blot or PCR

Microbiology (10 decks)

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