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Microbiology > Anaerobic Bateria > Flashcards

Anaerobic Bateria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two sources of anaerobic bacteria?

A

Normal Flora

Soil

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2
Q

What are some Normal Flora anaerobes?

A

Actinomyces, B. corrodens, P. melaninogenica
–>Mouth
B. fragilis–> Colon and Vagina

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3
Q

What is caused by the normal flora?

A

When escape compartments –> abscess (es)–> fill with bacteria/dead neutrophils–>swell–>become painful

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4
Q

What are the two routes of entry in anaerobic bacteria that come from soil?

A

A-Spores enter through wounds, germinate, and produce exotoxins
B-Spores germinate in vacuum-packed foods

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5
Q

What are some soil anaerobic bacteria that use route A?

A

C. tani in tetanus
C. perfrigens in gas gangrene
C. botulinum in wound botulism

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6
Q

What are some soil anaerobic bacteria that use route B?

A

C. perfrigens in food poisoning
C. botulinum in infant botulism
C. botulinum in foodborne botulism

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7
Q

What happens in C. perfrigens in food poisoning

A

bacteria briefly survive in gut and release enterotoxin

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8
Q

What happens in C. botulinum in infant botulism

A

bacteria briefly survive in gut and release neurotoxin

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9
Q

What happens in C. botulinum in foodborne botulism

A

bacteria DO NOT survive in gut, but have already filled food with neurotoxin

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10
Q

How would you handle anaerobes in the laboratory?

A

Must be handled anaerobically and labelled as such

Keep away from O2

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11
Q

What are some laboratory test that can be done?

A

Anaerobic Cultures
Gram Stain
Gas chromatography

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12
Q

How to do a simple liquid culture is anaerobe?

A 
Incoluate test tube
Add reducing agent to eliminate O2 thyoglycolate
Fill tube COMPLETELY
Stopper tightly
Incubate
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13
Q

What are the four types of anaerobic bacteria?

A

Clostridium - 4 sub groups - gram +, spore forming, rods
Bacteroides - gram -, rods
Prevotella - gram -, rods
Actinomyces - gram +, filamentous rods

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14
Q

What is GNAB?

A

It is the grouping of Bacteroides and Prevotella, it stands for Gram Negative Anaerobic Bacteria

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15
Q

About Clostridium tetani

A

Responsible for tetanus
Spores are environmental
Gram +, spore forming
Transmitted to human through soil contamination of wounds

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16
Q

What are the steps to C. tetani infection?

A

Insertion of bacteria beneath skin surface - limits air contact
Spores germinate inside the wound
Vegetative cells release the exotoxin TETANOSPASMIN

17
Q

What happens after tetanospasmin is released?

A

B delivers the toxin A to the site of toxicity
B takes A to motor neurons
B creates a pore in the neuron which A enters through
A travels to the CNS using the retrograde axonal transport
A acts as a peptidase and cleaves SYNAPTOBREVIN

18
Q

What does the cleavage of SYNAPTOBREVIN do?

A

Their is a loss of central inhibitory activity on motor and autonomic neurons - spasms

19
Q

What is generalized tetanus?

A

Tetanospasmin enters the bloodstream
FULL-BODY symptoms–>morbidity occurs
->50% untreated
->21-31% treated

20
Q

How can you prevent C. tetani?

A

Universal vaccination with tetanus toxoid in childhood, and boosters every 10 yrs as adults

21
Q

C. difficile bacteriology?

A

Gram +, spore forming, rods

Most commonly causes Pseudomembranous colitis

22
Q

What is the mode of transmission of C. difficile?

A

3%-Normal Flora in normal pop
30%-Normal Flora in hospital pop
Fecal-oral

23
Q

Why does C. difficile come about?

A

Due to a recent course of antibiotics/cancer treatment that suppresses other normal flora and allows C. difficile to overgrow
The germinating cells release Exotoxin A
Exotoxin B is the major toxin

24
Q

What does Exotoxin A do?

A

disrupts tight junctions–>internal swelling and inflammation

25
Q

What does Exotoxin B do?

A

disrupts the cytoskeleton by depolymerizing actin–>kills surrounding cells

26
Q

What is strange about C. difficile?

A

Its mortality rate have increased!

27
Q

How do you diagnose C. difficile?

A

With a SIGMOIDOSCOPY, patches of dead/dying cells will appear as yellowish-white plaque

28
Q

How do you treat C. difficile?

A

Withdraw initial Antibiotics
Oral metronidazole or vancomycin
Surgical resectioning/removal of colon

29
Q

What can occur?

A

toxic megacolon or colonic perforation

Microbiology (10 decks)

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