Cocci

Question 1

What are cocci structural features?

Answer 1

Spherical
One micron diameter
Gram +/-
Chains, pairs, or clumps

Question 2

What are the major genuses?

Answer 2

Streptococci
Staphylococci
Neisseria

Question 3

What are the major species in Streptococci?

Answer 3

Group A - sore throat
Group B - Meningitis
Pheumococci - pneumonia
Viridans streptococci - endocarditis
Enterococci - abscesses

Question 4

What are the major species in Staphylococci?

Answer 4

S. aureus - abscesses
S. epidermidis - catheters
S. saprophyticus - UTI

Question 5

What are the major species in Neisseria?

Answer 5

N. meningitis - meningitis

N. gonorrhoeae - gonorrheae

Question 6

How do you ID cocci?

Answer 6

Laboratory test
Gram +/- test
Catalase test

Question 7

Gram + Catalase test +?

Answer 7

Straphylococci

Question 8

Gram + Catalase test -?

Answer 8

Streptococci

Question 9

Staphylococci coagulase test +?

Answer 9

S. aureus

Question 10

Staphylococci coagulase test -?

Answer 10

S. epidermis or S. saprophyticus

Question 11

What are the structural virulence factors of S. aureus?

Answer 11

Protein A
Capsule
Coagulase

Question 12

What are the toxic virulence factors of S. aureus?

Answer 12

DNAse
Enterotoxin
Exfoliation
Leukocidin
Toxic Shock Syndrome TOxin

Question 13

S. epidermis?

Answer 13

Gram +, catalase +. coagulation -

Low virulence - piercings, catheters

Question 14

Gram - cocci?

Answer 14

Nisseria

Question 15

Gram + cocci?

Answer 15

Streptococci

Staphylococci - clumps

Question 16

S. aureus

Answer 16

Gram +, Catalase +, Coagulase +, salt-resistant, beta hemolytic, DNase +

Question 17

S. epidermis

Answer 17

Gram +, Catalase +, Coagulase -, cause UTI’s

Question 18

Streptococci

Answer 18

Gram +, Catalase -

Question 19

Pneumococci

Answer 19

Gram +, Catalase -, Diplococci, Alpha Hemolytic, Optochin sensitive

Question 20

How do you tell Streptococci apart?

Answer 20

Hemolytic Groups
Alpha - partially lyse RBCs
Beta - lyse all RBC’s
Gamma - do not lyse RBC’s

Question 21

What are the alpha hemolytic streptococci?

Answer 21

S. pneumonia

Viridians Group

Question 22

What are the beta hemolytic streptococci?

Answer 22

Group A

Group B

Question 23

What are the gamma hemolytic streptococci?

Answer 23

E. faecalis

S. bovis

Question 24

What are the virulence factors for pneumococci?

Answer 24

Structure - Capsid

Question 25

What makes the pneumococci capsule the virulent factor?

Answer 25

Anti-phagocytic Polysaccharide Ag Stimulates opsonizing Ab 80 types

Question 26

What is the pathogenesis of bacterial pneumococci?

Answer 26

Normal resistance to lung infection is the mechanical clearance of pneumonia by mucus/cilia This is inhibited by smoking, virus, allergy, immobility, mechanical obstruction (tumor, foreign bodies), heart failure, depressed cough reflex

Question 27

Varidians Streptococci

Answer 27

Gram +, catalase -, alpha hemalytic, optochin resistant | Reservoir in mouth

Question 28

Varidians Streptococci virulance factor

Answer 28

Sugar-metabolizing enzymes

Question 29

Varidians Streptococci pathogenesis

Answer 29

Dental cariers - acids-->decalcification | Endocarditis - high MW sugars-->dental plaque--> bactermia-->endocarditis

Question 30

How do we tell the Beta hemolytic streptococci apart?

Answer 30

By bacitracin sensitivity Sensitive--> Group A Resistant--> Group B

Question 31

Who classified the cocci?

Answer 31

Rebecca Lancefield

Question 32

What are the structural virulence factors for Group A streptococci?

Answer 32

Pili | M protein

Question 33

What are the toxic virulence factors for Group A streptococci?

Answer 33

``` Streptokinase Streptodomase Hyaluronidase Pyrogenic Toxin Erythrogenic Toxin ```

Question 34

What identifies the group B streptococci?

Answer 34

The CAMP test | Group B and S. aureus show synergistic hemolysis

Question 35

What are the virulence factors for Group B?

Answer 35

Capsule

Question 36

N. meningitis

Answer 36

Gram -, fermentation of maltose

Question 37

N. gonnorhoeae

Answer 37

Gram -, do not ferment maltose

Question 38

What are the structural VF of N. meningitis?

Answer 38

Capsule

Question 39

What are the toxic VF of N. meningitis?

Answer 39

LPS

Question 40

What are the structural VF of N. gonnorhoeae?

Answer 40

Pili

Question 41

What are the toxic VF of N. gonnorhoeae?

Answer 41

LOS

Question 42

What is the reservoir of N. meningitis?

Answer 42

Resp. tract | Carriers

Question 43

What is the transmission of N. meningitis?

Answer 43

Droplets

Question 44

What is the reservoir of N. gonnorhoeae?

Answer 44

Genital tract | Chronic infection

Question 45

What is the transmission of N. gonnorhoeae?

Answer 45

Sexual contact | Birth

Question 46

Reservoir for Group B?

Answer 46

Genital tract - 25% of F

Question 47

Transmission of Group B?

Answer 47

Neonatal - birth canal