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Microbiology > Cocci > Flashcards

Cocci Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are cocci structural features?

A

Spherical
One micron diameter
Gram +/-
Chains, pairs, or clumps

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2
Q

What are the major genuses?

A

Streptococci
Staphylococci
Neisseria

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3
Q

What are the major species in Streptococci?

A 
Group A - sore throat
Group B - Meningitis
Pheumococci - pneumonia
Viridans streptococci - endocarditis
Enterococci - abscesses
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4
Q

What are the major species in Staphylococci?

A

S. aureus - abscesses
S. epidermidis - catheters
S. saprophyticus - UTI

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5
Q

What are the major species in Neisseria?

A

N. meningitis - meningitis

N. gonorrhoeae - gonorrheae

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6
Q

How do you ID cocci?

A

Laboratory test
Gram +/- test
Catalase test

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7
Q

Gram + Catalase test +?

A

Straphylococci

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8
Q

Gram + Catalase test -?

A

Streptococci

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9
Q

Staphylococci coagulase test +?

A

S. aureus

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10
Q

Staphylococci coagulase test -?

A

S. epidermis or S. saprophyticus

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11
Q

What are the structural virulence factors of S. aureus?

A

Protein A
Capsule
Coagulase

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12
Q

What are the toxic virulence factors of S. aureus?

A 
DNAse
Enterotoxin
Exfoliation
Leukocidin
Toxic Shock Syndrome TOxin
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13
Q

S. epidermis?

A

Gram +, catalase +. coagulation -

Low virulence - piercings, catheters

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14
Q

Gram - cocci?

A

Nisseria

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15
Q

Gram + cocci?

A

Streptococci

Staphylococci - clumps

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16
Q

S. aureus

A

Gram +, Catalase +, Coagulase +, salt-resistant, beta hemolytic, DNase +

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17
Q

S. epidermis

A

Gram +, Catalase +, Coagulase -, cause UTI’s

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18
Q

Streptococci

A

Gram +, Catalase -

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19
Q

Pneumococci

A

Gram +, Catalase -, Diplococci, Alpha Hemolytic, Optochin sensitive

20
Q

How do you tell Streptococci apart?

A

Hemolytic Groups
Alpha - partially lyse RBCs
Beta - lyse all RBC’s
Gamma - do not lyse RBC’s

21
Q

What are the alpha hemolytic streptococci?

A

S. pneumonia

Viridians Group

22
Q

What are the beta hemolytic streptococci?

A

Group A

Group B

23
Q

What are the gamma hemolytic streptococci?

A

E. faecalis

S. bovis

24
Q

What are the virulence factors for pneumococci?

A

Structure - Capsid

25
Q

What makes the pneumococci capsule the virulent factor?

A

Anti-phagocytic
Polysaccharide Ag
Stimulates opsonizing Ab
80 types

26
Q

What is the pathogenesis of bacterial pneumococci?

A

Normal resistance to lung infection is the mechanical clearance of pneumonia by mucus/cilia

This is inhibited by smoking, virus, allergy, immobility, mechanical obstruction (tumor, foreign bodies), heart failure, depressed cough reflex

27
Q

Varidians Streptococci

A

Gram +, catalase -, alpha hemalytic, optochin resistant

Reservoir in mouth

28
Q

Varidians Streptococci virulance factor

A

Sugar-metabolizing enzymes

29
Q

Varidians Streptococci pathogenesis

A

Dental cariers - acids–>decalcification

Endocarditis - high MW sugars–>dental plaque–> bactermia–>endocarditis

30
Q

How do we tell the Beta hemolytic streptococci apart?

A

By bacitracin sensitivity
Sensitive–> Group A
Resistant–> Group B

31
Q

Who classified the cocci?

A

Rebecca Lancefield

32
Q

What are the structural virulence factors for Group A streptococci?

A

Pili

M protein

33
Q

What are the toxic virulence factors for Group A streptococci?

A 
Streptokinase
Streptodomase
Hyaluronidase
Pyrogenic Toxin
Erythrogenic Toxin
34
Q

What identifies the group B streptococci?

A

The CAMP test

Group B and S. aureus show synergistic hemolysis

35
Q

What are the virulence factors for Group B?

A

Capsule

36
Q

N. meningitis

A

Gram -, fermentation of maltose

37
Q

N. gonnorhoeae

A

Gram -, do not ferment maltose

38
Q

What are the structural VF of N. meningitis?

A

Capsule

39
Q

What are the toxic VF of N. meningitis?

A

LPS

40
Q

What are the structural VF of N. gonnorhoeae?

A

Pili

41
Q

What are the toxic VF of N. gonnorhoeae?

A

LOS

42
Q

What is the reservoir of N. meningitis?

A

Resp. tract

Carriers

43
Q

What is the transmission of N. meningitis?

A

Droplets

44
Q

What is the reservoir of N. gonnorhoeae?

A

Genital tract

Chronic infection

45
Q

What is the transmission of N. gonnorhoeae?

A

Sexual contact

Birth

46
Q

Reservoir for Group B?

A

Genital tract - 25% of F

47
Q

Transmission of Group B?

A

Neonatal - birth canal

Microbiology (10 decks)

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