Vocabulary

Question 1

atom

Answer 1

the basic unit of matter

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

formed by strong forces binding protons and neutrons together at the center of the atom; overall positively charged due to having both neutrons and protons

Question 3

electron

Answer 3

a negatively charged particle (-); they have a charge of -1

Question 4

element

Answer 4

pure substances that consists entirely of one type of atom (represented by one or two letter symbols); can’t be broken down into simpler substances

Question 5

isotopes

Answer 5

atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain

Question 6

compound

Answer 6

a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions; when 2 or more elements have been chemically combined together through a chemical reaction to form a new substance

Question 7

ionic bond

Answer 7

formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 8

ions

Answer 8

positively and negatively charged atoms

Question 9

covalent bond

Answer 9

the moving of electrons that travel about the nuclei of both atoms; electrons shared between two atoms

Question 10

molecule

Answer 10

the structure that results when atoms are joined together by covalent bonds (smallest unit of most compounds)

Question 11

Van der Waals force

Answer 11

weak interactions is the attraction between molecules; produce a slight attraction between the molecules when they are very close together

Question 12

monomer

Answer 12

smaller units

Question 13

polymer

Answer 13

monomers that are joined together

Question 14

carbohydrates

Answer 14

made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; usually a ratio of 1:2:1 (examples include starch sugar and cellulose)

Question 15

lipids

Answer 15

mostly made from carbon and hydrogen atoms; they include the compounds we call fats, oils, and waxes

Question 16

nucleotides

Answer 16

monomers that consist of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group (-PO4 ), and a nitrogenous base

Question 17

nucleic acids

Answer 17

polymers assembled from nucleotides; its function is like store (with DNA - containing information & RNA - translates/transports the message)

Question 18

proteins

Answer 18

macromolecules containing nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 19

amino acids

Answer 19

compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end; molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 20

hydrogen bond

Answer 20

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

Question 21

cohesion

Answer 21

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 22

adhesion

Answer 22

force of attraction between different kinds of molecules/chemical substances; ability of one thing to stick firmly to another

Question 23

mixture

Answer 23

material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined and can be seperated

Question 24

solution

Answer 24

type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed

Question 25

solute

Answer 25

substance that is (being) dissolved in a solution

Question 26

solvent

Answer 26

dissolving substance in a solution (thing that makes it disolve)

Question 27

suspension

Answer 27

mixture of water and nondissolved material

Question 28

pH scale

Answer 28

scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic

Question 29

acid

Answer 29

a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7

Question 30

base

Answer 30

a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH or more than 7

Question 31

buffer

Answer 31

a compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH

Question 32

denature

Answer 32

changes shape due to damage

Question 33

proton

Answer 33

are positively charged; have a charge of +1

Question 34

neutron

Answer 34

have a charge of zero; neutral charge

Question 35

monosaccharide

Answer 35

single sugar molecules (can't be broken down further)

Question 36

polysaccharide

Answer 36

large macromolecules formed from three or more monosaccharides

Question 37

peptide bond

Answer 37

different amino acids that are strung together through a dehydration reaction

Question 38

chemical reaction

Answer 38

process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Question 39

reactant

Answer 39

elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

Question 40

product

Answer 40

elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction

Question 41

activation energy

Answer 41

energy that is needed to get a reaction started

Question 42

catalyst

Answer 42

a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction (without being consumed by the reaction)

Question 43

enzyme

Answer 43

protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions

Question 44

substrate

Answer 44

a molecule that an enzyme reacts with; reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction