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Macromolecules Biology > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

atom

A

the basic unit of matter

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2
Q

nucleus

A

formed by strong forces binding protons and neutrons together at the center of the atom; overall positively charged due to having both neutrons and protons

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3
Q

electron

A

a negatively charged particle (-); they have a charge of -1

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4
Q

element

A

pure substances that consists entirely of one type of atom (represented by one or two letter symbols); can’t be broken down into simpler substances

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5
Q

isotopes

A

atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain

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6
Q

compound

A

a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions; when 2 or more elements have been chemically combined together through a chemical reaction to form a new substance

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7
Q

ionic bond

A

formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

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8
Q

ions

A

positively and negatively charged atoms

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9
Q

covalent bond

A

the moving of electrons that travel about the nuclei of both atoms; electrons shared between two atoms

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10
Q

molecule

A

the structure that results when atoms are joined together by covalent bonds (smallest unit of most compounds)

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11
Q

Van der Waals force

A

weak interactions is the attraction between molecules; produce a slight attraction between the molecules when they are very close together

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12
Q

monomer

A

smaller units

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13
Q

polymer

A

monomers that are joined together

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14
Q

carbohydrates

A

made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; usually a ratio of 1:2:1 (examples include starch sugar and cellulose)

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15
Q

lipids

A

mostly made from carbon and hydrogen atoms; they include the compounds we call fats, oils, and waxes

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16
Q

nucleotides

A

monomers that consist of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group (-PO4 ), and a nitrogenous base

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17
Q

nucleic acids

A

polymers assembled from nucleotides; its function is like store (with DNA - containing information & RNA - translates/transports the message)

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18
Q

proteins

A

macromolecules containing nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

19
Q

amino acids

A

compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end; molecules that combine to form proteins

20
Q

hydrogen bond

A

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

21
Q

cohesion

A

attraction between molecules of the same substance

22
Q

adhesion

A

force of attraction between different kinds of molecules/chemical substances; ability of one thing to stick firmly to another

23
Q

mixture

A

material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined and can be seperated

24
Q

solution

A

type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed

25
Q

solute

A

substance that is (being) dissolved in a solution

26
Q

solvent

A

dissolving substance in a solution (thing that makes it disolve)

27
Q

suspension

A

mixture of water and nondissolved material

28
Q

pH scale

A

scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic

29
Q

acid

A

a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7

30
Q

base

A

a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH or more than 7

31
Q

buffer

A

a compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH

32
Q

denature

A

changes shape due to damage

33
Q

proton

A

are positively charged; have a charge of +1

34
Q

neutron

A

have a charge of zero; neutral charge

35
Q

monosaccharide

A

single sugar molecules (can’t be broken down further)

36
Q

polysaccharide

A

large macromolecules formed from three or more monosaccharides

37
Q

peptide bond

A

different amino acids that are strung together through a dehydration reaction

38
Q

chemical reaction

A

process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

39
Q

reactant

A

elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

40
Q

product

A

elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction

41
Q

activation energy

A

energy that is needed to get a reaction started

42
Q

catalyst

A

a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction (without being consumed by the reaction)

43
Q

enzyme

A

protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions

44
Q

substrate

A

a molecule that an enzyme reacts with; reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Macromolecules Biology (5 decks)

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