Carbon Compounds & Carbohydrates Flashcards
Living organisms are made of molecules that consist of…
carbon and other elements
A carbon atom can bond to other carbon atoms, giving it the ability to…
form chains that are almost unlimited in length
Living organisms are primarily made up of a combination of six different elements known as…
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur (CHNOPS)
Each carbon atom has how many valence electrons?
four
Each carbon atom has four valence electrons that can bond with electrons from up to four other atoms to form…
strong covalent bonds
Macromolecules are formed by a process known as…
polymerization
Monomers join together to form…
polymers
Monomers join together to form polymers using a…
dehydration reaction
In a dehydration reaction, a monomer is added to a…
growing polymer chain by removing a water molecule
Carbohydrates are what type of compound?
energy-rich
Carbohydrates are make of what elements?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
One of the most important carbohydrates in the body is the monomer…
glucose
Living things break down simple carbohydrates such as sugar (glucose) as their main source of…
short term energy
Any set of letters that end with “ose” are going to be…
sugar
Single sugar molecules are called…
monosaccharides
Monosaccharides include…
glucose, galactose (component of milk), and fructose (found in many fruits)
The large macromolecules formed from three or more monosaccharides are called…
polysaccharides
Polysaccharides are polymers of…
monosaccharides
Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides linked together by…
a dehydration reaction
In a dehydration reactions, a monomer is added to…
a growing polymer chain by removing a water molecule
Starch is a…
storage polysaccharide found in the roots and other tissues of plants which consist of mostly glucose monomers
Starch granules found in plants serve as…
sugar stockpiles for the plant to break down for energy
Cellulose is another glucose polymer that serves as a…
structural compound
Glycogen is more branched/complex glucose based polysaccharide which is used by…
animals to stored excess sugar
Cellulose make…
cable-like fibrils in the tough cell walls that enclose plant cells
Unlike starch and glycogen, animals can not break down the…
glucose linkages in the cellulose for energy
Cells not only make macromolecules through polymerization and dehydration reactions, but they also need to…
break them down into to get energy
Hydrolysis
cells break bonds between monomers by adding water to them
What does the process of hydrolysis do?
breaks the polymer chain into easily usable monomers
The lower the pH the…
greater the acidity
Centra dogma
DNA, then RNA, then protein
