Macromolecules (no Carbohydrates)

Question 1

What are the four types of carbon based macromolecules?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 2

Carbon can form into ____ kinds of major compounds in living organisms

Answer 2

four

Question 3

Carbon can form into what four kinds of major compounds in living organisms?

Answer 3

carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins

Question 4

Lipids are generally not soluble in water because they are…

Answer 4

hydrophobic (don’t like water)

Question 5

Lipids are mostly made from what two atoms?

Answer 5

carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 6

What are lipids linked by since they are made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms?

Answer 6

non-polar covalent bonds

Question 7

Lipids can be used to store…

Answer 7

long term energy (fats)

Question 8

Fats are formed when a glycerol molecule combines with compounds called…

Answer 8

fatty acids

Question 9

When a glycerol molecule combines with three fatty acids, they form compounds called…

Answer 9

a triglyceride (or “fat”)

Question 10

If there is at least one C=C double bond in a fatty acid, it is…

Answer 10

unsaturated

Question 11

Lipids whose fatty acids contain more than one C=C double bond are…

Answer 11

polyunsaturated

Question 12

If each carbon atom in a lipid’s fatty acid chain is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond, the lipid is said to be…

Answer 12

saturated

Question 13

Lipids that contain unsaturated fatty acids tend to be liquid at what temperature?

Answer 13

room temperature

Question 14

Proteins are macromolecules that contain…

Answer 14

nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 15

Proteins are polymers of molecules called…

Answer 15

amino acids

Question 16

Different amino acids are strung together through a dehydration reaction making…

Answer 16

peptide bonds

Question 17

Different amino acids are strung together through a dehydration reaction into chains called…

Answer 17

polypeptides

Question 18

Different amino acids are strung together through a dehydration reaction into chains according to…

Answer 18

the letter code written in the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Question 19

The three letter codes in the RNA correspond to a…

Answer 19

particular amino acid

Question 20

A bunch of amino acids strung together make a…

Answer 20

protein

Question 21

The proteins shape determines…

Answer 21

its job

Question 22

If the protein denatures, it many not…

Answer 22

do its job correctly or at all

Question 23

What type of proteins control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes?

Answer 23

enzymes

Question 24

Transport proteins transport substances…

Answer 24

into or out of cells

Question 25

Nucleic acids contain...

Answer 25

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

Question 26

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are polymers assembled from...

Answer 26

individual monomers known as nucleotides

Question 27

Nucleotides consist of three parts...

Answer 27

a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 28

Individual nucleotides can be joined together using...

Answer 28

dehydration reactions

Question 29

Individual nucleotides can be joined together using dehydration reactions to form what bonds?

Answer 29

covalent bonds

Question 30

Individual nucleotides can be joined together using dehydration reactions to form covalent bonds which create a...

Answer 30

polynucleotide or nucleic acid

Question 31

What are the two kinds of nucleic acids?

Answer 31

RNA (ribonucleic acid) and DNA (deoxyribonucleicacid)

Question 32

RNA is a what type of polymer?

Answer 32

single stranded polymer

Question 33

DNA is what type of polymer?

Answer 33

double stranded (forming a double helix)

Question 34

RNA contains the sugar...

Answer 34

ribose

Question 35

DNA contains the sugar...

Answer 35

deoxyribose (one less oxygen than ribose)

Question 36

Steps for proteins to amino acids

Answer 36

20 amino acids, then it forms into a chain, then it folds into a shape, the shape then determines the function

Question 37

What speed up chemical reactions/processes?

Answer 37

enzymes

Question 38

Cell membrane

Answer 38

protects stuff on the inside since the environment is always changing; needs to maintain homeostasis

Question 39

What make cell membranes

Answer 39

lipids

Question 40

Protein functions

Answer 40

maintenance structures; transport things in and out of cells

Question 41

Nucleic acid funtions

Answer 41

storage device - DNA keeps the info and RNA moves info/messages

Question 42

RNA is produced from...

Answer 42

DNA