Vocabulary 1 "Blood Evidence" Flashcards
Erythrocytes (red blood cell)
Hemoglobin-rich, red blood cells that transport oxygen through a body. Erythrocytes give the red color to vertebrate blood and do not have nuclei.
Leukocytes (white blood cell)
One of the many cells in the blood that lack hemoglobin but have a nucleus and are active in the immune response. Lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are leucocytes.
Thrombocytes (platelet)
A minute, colorless, anucleate disk-like body of mammalian blood that assists in blood clotting by adhering to other platelets and damaged epithelium.
Plasma
The pale yellow, liquid portion of blood that consists of water and dissolved substances, including sugars, lipids, metabolic waste products, amino acids, hormones, and vitamins.
Hemoglobin
A protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen.
Presumptive Test
the initial testing that suggests a sample may be blood.
Done on feild to see if red subastnce is blood then confirmatory test later in lab
Confirmatory Test
Confirmatory testing relies on other unique properties of blood, such as the proteins present on the surface of red blood cells called antigens
More accruate than presumitive test
Usslay done at lab after Presumtive test
Antigen
Anything that stimulates an immune response.
Antibody (immunoglobulin)
A protein produced by B cells in the blood; works to impair pathogens. Also called an immunoglobulin.
ABO System
A system of four types (A, AB, B, and O) which human blood is classified into, based on the presence or absence of certain antigens.
Agglutination
The clumping of particles.
Universal Recipient
A person with O- blood
Positive Control
In an experiment, the group that the researcher expects to have a positive result, to show that the experimental setup was capable of producing results.
Negative Control
In an experiment, the group in which the conditions produce a negative outcome. Negative control groups help identify outside influences that were not accounted for when the procedure was created.
List the 4 Blood Types
A,B,AB,O
hypothesis
A statement predicting the anticipated results of an experiment.
independent variable
In an experiment, the variable that the researcher intentionally changes to determine its influence on the dependent variable.
dependent variable
In an experiment, the variable being measured and whose value is influenced by another variable.
standard curve
A graph that plots known values which then allows the same properties to be determined for unknown samples by interpolation on the graph.
Experimental Design
Leucocrystal Violet (LCV)
LCV reacts with hemoglobin and turns a violet color. Usually used on porous surfaces, such as a large stain on a carpet, LCV is not the best test to use in the lab.
Luminol
You may have seen luminol used in a crime show. Luminol glows bright blue in the dark when it comes in contact with blood. However, many other substances will cause it to react, so it is not the best test to use in the laboratory.
Kastle-Meyer
The most common presumptive blood test. This test uses a compound known as phenolphthalein, which reacts with the iron carried by hemoglobin (Figure 3). This is the test you will use in the lab.
