Biology Vocab 2 Flashcards
Matter
A object that takes up space& has mass
Mass
Mass is a measurement of how much matter is in an object
Element
A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means
Atom
smallest unit into which matter can be divided
Nucleus
The core of the atom
Proton
Proton, stable subatomic particle that has a positive charge equal in magnitude to a unit of electron charge
Neutron
Neutron, neutral subatomic particle that is a constituent of every atomic nucleus except ordinary hydrogen
Atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.
Mass Number
the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
Electron
a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.
Orbital
A space in an atom where an electron is most likely to be found
Isotope
Isotopes are different forms of the same element that have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons
Compound
a substance made up of atoms or two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
Chemical bond
A chemical bond is the force that holds atoms together in a chemical compound
Covalent bond
Covalent bonds, which hold the atoms within an individual molecule together
Molecule
molecule, a group of two or more atoms that form the smallest identifiable unit into which a pure substance can be divided and still retain the composition and chemical properties of that substance.
Ion
Ion, any atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges
Ionic bond
An ionic bond is the force of attraction that holds together oppositely charged ions
Energy
Specifically, energy is defined as the ability to do work – which, for biology purposes, can be thought of as the ability to cause some kind of change. … Energy is never lost, but it can be converted from one of these forms to another.
Chemical Reaction
A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances, also called reactants, are converted to one or more different substances
Reactant
a substance that enters into and is altered in the course of a chemical reaction
Product
Anything that is produced
Metabolism
the chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy
Activation energy
the energy needed to initiate a reaction
Catalyst
Catalyst, in chemistry, any substance that increases the rate of a reaction without itself being consumed
Enzyme
An enzyme is a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms
Redox reaction
when one molecule loses electrons and is oxidized
Oxidation reaction
Oxidation is defined as a process in which an electron is removed from a molecule during a chemical reaction
Reduction reaction
An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound
Polar
Pertaining to a compound exhibiting polarity or dipole moment, that is a compound bearing a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other.
Hydrogen bond
Hydrogen bonding, interaction involving a hydrogen atom located between a pair of other atoms having a high affinity for electrons
Cohesion
Cohesion refers to the attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind
Adhesion
Adhesion is the attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind
Capillarity
the action by which the surface of a liquid where it is in contact with a solid (as in a capillary tube) is elevated or depressed depending on the relative attraction of the molecules of the liquid for each other and for those of the solid
Solution
Solution, in chemistry, a homogenous mixture of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously up to what is called the limit of solubility
Solute
component of a solution: in a solution, the dissolving substance is called a solvent whereas the dissolved substance is called a solute
Solvent
Solvent, substance, ordinarily a liquid, in which other materials dissolve to form a solution.
Concentration
to the measure of the amount of a sub-component in a solution
Saturated solution
A solution in which the maximum amount of solvent has been dissolved
Aqueous solution
An aqueous solution is one in which the solvent is liquid water
Hydroxide ion
Hydroxide is a polyatomic ion consisting of oxygen and hydrogen
Hydronium
the hydrogen ion bonded to a molecule of water, H3O+, the form in which hydrogen ions are found in aqueous solution
Acid
An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton
Base
Base, in chemistry, any substance that in water solution is slippery to the touch, tastes bitter, changes the colour of indicators
pH scale
pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is
Buffer
In ecology, a buffer species is a plant or an animal that becomes an alternate prey to a predator
