unit 1.1.5 [bio-med] Flashcards
Adenine
A component of nucleic acids found in DNA and RNA and in the energy-carrying molecule, ATP. Adenine is a purine base.
[A]
Chromosome
Tightly coiled DNA that is found in the nuclei of cells.
Cytosine
A component of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA); a pyrimidine base.
[C]
Gel Electrophoresis
The separation of nucleic acids or proteins on the basis of their size and electrical charge for analytical purposes.
Gene
A sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein, resulting in a specific phenotype.
Genome
A complete set of the genes in one organism.
Guanine
A component of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA); a purine base.
[G]
Double Helix
A three-dimensional spiral.
Histones
A protein that DNA winds around to condense into a chromosome.
Nucleotide
A building block of DNA that consists of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP)
Variations in DNA fragment sizes produced when DNA is cut with restriction enzymes. The variations in length are due to differences in each organism’s DNA sequence.
Thymine
A component of the nucleic acid, DNA; a pyrimidine base.
[T]
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
A laboratory technique for amplifying DNA in-vitro. Uses a thermocycler, primers, DNA polymerase, and nucleotides.
Restriction Enzyme (Restriction Endonucleases)
A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts DNA at these sequences called restriction sites. Also known as a restriction endonuclease.
Prokaryotic Cell - makes up animals, plants, fungi, and protists and have organelles.
Lacking membrane-bound organelles. Unicellular organisms are prokaryotic.
