Vocabs Flashcards
What is the basic unit of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides
What is the simplest form of sugars?
carbohydrates
What is a simple monosaccharide found in plants. It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with fructose and galactose, that are absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion?
Glucose
What is a saccharide polymer containing a small number (2-10) of simple sugars?
oligosaccharide
What is class of sugar that includes lactose and sucrose that are composed of two monosaccharides?
disaccharides
What is a complex carbohydrate composed of a chain of monosaccharides joined by glocosidic bonds?
polysaccharides
What is a carbohydrate that serves as a form of energy storage in animals. In humans, it is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and the muscles, and functions as the secondary long-term energy storage?
Glycogen
What is the process of forming tryglycerides in the body?
esterification
What is triglyceride breakdown called?
Lipolysis
What is the process of stripping the nitrogen from a protein molecule in the liver called?
deamination
What glycogen synthesis from carbohydrate called?
Glycogenesis
What is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohyrate carbon sustrates such as pyruvate, lactate, amino acids, and fatty acids called?
Gluconeogenesis
What is the conversion of glycogen to glucose released into the blood for energy called?
Glycogenolysis
What is the amount of oxygen the boy is using in any given time period called?
Volume of Oxygen consumed aka VO2
What is the average between systolic and diastolic blood pressure called, and what is it’s formula?
mean arterial pressure
MAP= DBP+ [0.33(SBP-DBP)]
What is the resistance to blood flow offered by all of the systemic vasculature, excluding the pulmonary vasculature, produced mainly in the arterioles called?
Systemic vascular resistance
Albumin combined with fatty acids for transport in the blood stream is called what?
Free fatty acids
What is the ability to produce force during contraction?
cardiac contractility
What is the physiological phenomenon of variation in the time interval between heartbeats. It is measured by the variation in the beat-to-beat internal. healthier hearts have greater variability than diseased hearts.
Heart Rate variability
What is the percentage of blood in the LV at end diastole that is pumped out during systole. Expressed by the ratio EDV- (ESV/EDV)
Ejection Fraction
What is an imbalance between Lactate production and clearance, resulting in a rapid increase in blood La?
Lactate or anaerobic threshold
What is the breathing response to the rise in La at the LT- increased CO2 production drives ventilation but O2 consumption stays constant?
Ventilatory Threshold
What is the total volume of gas in liters exhaled from the lungs per minute?
Minute Ventilation
What is the air volume moved either during inspiration or expiration of each breathing cycle?
Tidal Volume
What is the rate of breathing over one minute called?
Respiratory Rate
What is the volume of air which is inhaled that does not take part in the gas exchange, either because it remains in the conduction airways or reaches alveoli that are not perfused or poorly perfused called?
Ventilatory Dead space
What is the maximal capacity of the lungs to move air over one minute called?
Maximal voluntary ventilation
What term is used to indicate the maximum weight we are capable of lifting in a single repetition of a particular movement or exercise called?
One repetition maximum
