Lecture #2 (2/7) Flashcards
What is the state of complete physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being, and not merely, the absence of disease called?
Health
What is any movement of the body in which your muscles contract and your metabolism/energy expenditure increases called?
Physical Activity
What are the two types of Physical activity?
Leisure-time
and
Occupational
What is activity associated with performance of a job/daily living called?
occupational
How can PA be viewed?
on a continuum
What are the two ends of PA continuum?
sedentary lifestyle with absence of any significance of PA
and
peak level of exercise training exhibited by a well-conditioned athlete
What is the ability to perform activities with vigor and related to a low risk of chronic disease called?
Health-Related Fitness
What is the ability of the heart and circulatory system to carry oxygen to the body cells, and the working musculature to utilize the delivered oxygen called?
Cardiorespiratory endurance
What is the measurement of how much of your body weight is comprised of lean mass versus fat called?
body composition
What is body composition expressed as?
percentage
What is the ability of your joints to move through their full ROM without pain or discomfort called?
flexibility
What is flexibility dependent on?
joint range of motion as well as muscle, tendon, ligament length
What is the ability of a muscle to exert a maximum force against a resistance called?
Muscular strength
What is the ability of a muscle to exert sub maximal force repeatedly over a period of time called?
Muscular endurance
What are some purposes of fitness evaluations?
- educate participants
- develop an exercise prescription
- collect baseline, follow up, progress
- motivation
What should fitness evaluation include?
- interview
- risk factor assessment
- resting measurement
- body composition
- cardiorespiratory fitness
What part of the fitness evaluation includes: client interest, personal goals, home based equipment, medical history, previous injury?
Interview
What part of the fitness evaluation includes: used on well individuals/ no CV history, used to identify risk of developing cardiopulmonary disease?
Risk factor assessment
What are some low risk factors during fitness evaluation?
- younger individuals
- asymptomatic of CV disease
- meet no more than one risk factors
What are some moderate risk factors during fitness evaluation?
- older individuals men>45 y.o and women >55y.o
- meet the threshold of two or more risk facotrs
What are some high risk factors during fitness evaluation?
-individuals with one or more sign/symptom of CV or pulmonary disease, or known CV, pulmonary or metabolic disease
What are some non-alterable Risk factors?
- Family Hx such as myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or sudden death before 55 y.o in male family member
- age
- sex male>female
What are some alterable risk factors?
- diabetes
- sedentary life
- obesity
- stress
- smoking
- hypertension
- elevated cholesterol
What type of exercise participation are classified as high risk?
Moderate exercise participation
What type of exercise participation are classified as moderate risk?
Vigorous exercise participation
What type of risk patient receives submaximal tests?
High risk
What type of risk patient receives maximal test?
Moderate risk
What are some Risk factor assessment tools?
- Arizona Heart Institue test
- Par-Q (Physical activity readiness questionaire)
- Pramingham heart study
What are some resting measurements taken during a fitness evaluation?
- HR
- BP
- Height
- Weight
- Body Composition
What is the Body composition?
Percent Fat
Waist to Hip ratio
Waist circumference
How is Percent fat measured?
BIA or skinfolds
What is a criteria used for determining cardio-respiratory endurance?
Cardiorespiratory fitness max VO2 utilized during maximal physical effort
What are two ways VO2 max can be expressed?
1- absolute VO2 ml/min
2- relative VO2 ml/kg/min
What are 4 other ways VO2 Max can also be referred to as?
- maximal aerobic capacity
- exercise tolerance
- functional capacity
- physical work capacity
What is used to estimate the amount of oxygen used by the body during physical activity?
METS- Metabolic Equivalents
What is 1 MET equivalent to?
3.5 ml/O2/kg/min
What MET value is considered moderate-intensity?
3-6
What MET value is considered vigorous intensity?
> 6
What are two types of VO2 measurements?
- direct
- estimated
What type of VO2 measurement is most common?
estimated
What is a Maximal cardiorespiratory fitness test?
when a participant must exercise to point of volitional fatigue
- must be physician supervision
- emergency equipment
- sensitive to dx of CAD
What is Sub Maximal cardiorespiratory fitness test?
not as precise as maximal
- lower cost
- reduced risk
- estimates VO2/fitness
- less time
What are some cardiorespiratory fitness modes of testings?
- treadmill stress tests
- field tests
- cycle ergometer tests
- step testing
What is it when you impose an external stressor on the body for the purpose of increasing the metabolic demand on one or more systems in the body?
Stress test
What are some pharmacological replacements for exercise?
Dobutamine
Adenosine
Dipyramole
What is the Bruce treadmill test and what does it test?
it estimates VO2 Max
-its done on 3 minute stages, each stage increases 0.8 mph 2% starting at 1.7 mph at 10% on state 1.
What is an example of Bruce treadmill test value at stage 1 to stage 2?
Stage 1: 1.7 mph at 10%
Stage 2: 2.5 mph at 12%
At anaerobic threshold LA is buffered by what?
bicarbonate
What is the byproduct of LA buffering?
CO2
What does CO2 drive?
ventillation
In Anaerobic threshold what remains constant and what shows large rise?
VE/VCO2 remains constant
VE/VO2 shows a rise
