vocabolario russo di base 2 Flashcards by Anastasia Fedotenko

sottolineare, mettere in rilievo

подчёркивать-подчеркну́ть

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agitazione, emozione, ansia

волнение

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agitazione, emozione, ansia

волнение

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tremare, vacillare, aver paura

дрожать

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stima, rispetto

уважение

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ratto, topo

крыса

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intrattenimento, divertimento, svago

развлечение

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spostarsi, scostarsi, deviare (da) / eludere, schivare

отклоня́ться-отклониться (от)

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spostarsi / smarrirsi, confondersi / deviare, sconfinare

сбива́ться-сби́ться

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degno, meritevole / rispettabile

достойный

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meritare, essere degno

заслуживать + р.п.

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inquietudine, preoccupazione / premura, cura

забота

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attenersi, seguire

придерживаться + р.п.

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silenzio / pace, quiete, calma

тишина

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privare, togliere

лиша́ть-лиши́ть + р.п.

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privare dell’eredità

лиши́ть насле́дства

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visto che, dato che

ввиду + р.п.

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distrarsi (da)

отвлека́ться-отвле́чься от+р.п.

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evitare, schivare, scansare / sfuggire, evitare, scampare

избега́ть-избежа́ть/избе́гнуть + р.п.

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trovare / inventare, creare

приду́мывать-приду́мать

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piacere, divertimento, spasso, svago

удовольствие

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apice, culmine

зенит, апогей

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ricompensa, premio / gratitudine / onorificenza

награда

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abbracciare

обнима́ть-обня́ть

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ricercatore, dottorando

аспирант

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steccato, palizzata

забо́р

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sbattere, urtare contro

ударя́ться-уда́риться о + в.п.

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lasciar/far cadere / ledere, danneggiare

роня́ть-урони́ть

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pozzanghera

лужа

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addormentarsi

уснуть

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colletto, collo, bavero

воротник

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bottone

пуговица

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accusare

обвинять-обвини́ть

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cavallino, cavalluccio

лоша́дка

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difendere, proteggere, tutelare / sostenere, discutere

защища́ть-защити́ть

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avanti / per il futuro, d’ora in poi / in anticipo

вперёд

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assegnare (es: un compito)

задать

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rinviare, rimandare

откла́дывать-отложи́ть (на)

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adorare

обожать

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cane pastore

овчарка

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peloso, soffice

пушистый

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votare

голосовать-проголосова́ть за + в.п.

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agire, fare

поступа́ть-поступить

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lasciare, abbandonare, piantare

броса́ть-бро́сить

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linea, tratto / limite, confine / peculiarità, caratteristica

черта

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azione, atto

поступок

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moltiplicare, aumentare

умножа́ть / мно́жить-умножить

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uno, unità

единица

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cigno

ле́бедь

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di vita quotidiana

бытовой

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colorato / a colori

цветной

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aspirapolvere

пылесос

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pepe

перец

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invidioso

завистливый

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malevolo, ostile

недоброжела́тельный

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tardo a capire, ottuso / sconnesso, sconclusionato

бестолковый

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orso bruno

бу́рый медве́дь

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solido, affidabile / autorevole / posato, composto, importante / imponente / considerevole

солидный

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decrepito, molto vecchio

дряхлый

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passeggiata

прогулка

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economico

хозяйственный

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negozio di casalinghi

хозя́йственный магази́н

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sperare in / contare su, avere fiducia, fare assegnamento su

надеяться-понаде́яться на+в.п.

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abbonarsi a

подписаться-подпи́сываться на+в.п.

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affidarsi a, contare su

полага́ться-положиться на+в.п.

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solennità, festa / giubilo, esultanza

торжество́

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riflettere per bene, ponderare, considerare attentamente

вду́мываться-вду́маться в+в.п.

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scarpe, calzature

обувь (ж.)

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supporto, sostegno

подставка

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mascalzone, vigliacco

подлец

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attaccare, aggredire / buttarsi, gettarsi su / imbattersi, scoprire

напада́ть-напа́сть на+в.п.

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sbornia, bevuta, sbronza / roba da bere

вы́пивка

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fare la guerra, combattere, battersi / litigare

воевать

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disprezzare

презирать

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guardare a sazietà

насмотреться

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togliere, prendere, sottrarre / scegliere, selezionare

отбирать-отобрать

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piantare / far sedere/accomodare / costringere, mettere a

сажать-посадить

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lanciare, scagliare / abbandonare, lasciare

кидать — кинуть

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ubbidire a / dar retta a, seguire

слушаться-послушаться

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ingannare, imbrogliare / truffare / deludere

обманывать - обмануть

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predisporsi a

настраиваться — настроиться на

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imbattersi in / urtare, cozzare / incontrare (es: resistenza)

натыкаться—наткнуться на / наталкиваться—натолкнуться на

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avere la fama di essere, essere considerato

слыть за+в.п. / +т.п.

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memoria

память (ж.)

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in risposta a

в ответ на + в.п.

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verso la fine

под коне́ц

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mettere i piedi in testa

сесть на́ голову

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cominciare a seguire una dieta

сесть на дие́ту

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vìvere alle spalle

сесть на ше́ю

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coraggio, valore

му́жество

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punire, castigare

наказывать за

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prendere, ritenere, considerare

принима́ть-приня́ть за

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di giorno, diurno, giornaliero

дневной

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congedo di maternità

декрет

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tagliare (capelli, unghie) / potare / tosare

стричь-постри́чь

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rubare

красть-укра́сть / ворова́ть

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trafugare, sottrarre / sequestrare, rapire

похища́ть-похи́тить

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applicare (es: colore, smalto)

наноси́ть-нанести́

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danno

уро́н, ущерб

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danno

уро́н, ущерб

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pagare

оплачивать — оплатить + в.п.

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sopportare, patire / subire / tollerare

терпеть (-потерпе́ть)

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disastro, calamità

бедствие

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dar prova di, dimostrare / rivelare, mostrare

проявлять-проявить

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misericordia, compassione / beneficenza, carità

милосе́рдие

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dare, prestare, esercitare

оказывать-оказать

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нужда

miseria, indigenza, ristrettezze / bisogno, necessità

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il godere, il provare piacere / godimento

наслаждение

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indignazione, sdegno

негодование

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essere indisposto

д.п. + нездоровиться

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minorenne

Несовершеннолетний

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golfo

залив

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saltare, non presentarsi a lezione

пропускать-пропусти́ть заня́тие

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distrazione, mancanza di attenzione / dispersione

рассеянность

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abitudine

привычка

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sussidio, indennità / libro scolastico, materiale didattico

пособие (по)

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córsi di dottorato di ricérca, córsi postuniversitari

аспирантура

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responsabile, cosciente

ответственный

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avere voglia di

д.п. + хоте́ться

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sentire nostalgia, sentire la mancanza

скучать по + д.п. / о + п.п.

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cambiamento, mutamento, variazione / ricreazione, intervallo

перемена

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vestire, agghindare / travestire, mascherare

наряжа́ть-наряди́ть ёлку

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ornare, abbellire

украша́ть-укра́сить ёлку

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pettinatura, acconciatura

причёска

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fidanzata

невеста

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ricordare, far venire in mente

напомина́ть-напо́мнить

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fidarsi di

доверять + д.п.

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sorellina

сестрёнка

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venire a noia, stufare, stancare

д.п. + надоеда́ть-надое́сть

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trattare bene, comportarsi bene con

относи́ться-отнести́сь к + д.п.

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prendere in considerazione, dare ascolto a

прислушиваться-прислу́шаться к + д.п.

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cari, parenti, familiari

родны́е

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molestare, importunare

пристава́ть-приста́ть к + д.п.

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abituare a

приуча́ть-приучи́ть в.п. + к + д.п.

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geloso

ревнивый

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mentire a

лгать-солга́ть + д.п.

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rimettere in ordine, fare le pulizie

прибира́ть-прибра́ть

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un pochino

чуточку

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perfino, anche / almeno / per esempio

хоть

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essere soggetto a

подлежать + д.п.

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vita, il vivere / l’essere

бытие́

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conoscenza, sensi / coscienza, consapevolezza

сознание

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buonsenso

здра́вый смысл

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adulare / lusingare, dare soddisfazione

льстить-польсти́ть + д.п.

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raffreddarsi, prendersi il raffreddore

просту́живаться-простуди́ться

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mentire, dire bugie

врать-навра́ть

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essere permesso (a)

разреша́ется + д.п.

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far capo a, sottostare, essere sottoposto / sottomettersi/obbedire, rispettare, attenersi a

подчиня́ться-подчини́ться + д.п.

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imitare

подражать + д.п.

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contraddire, obiettare

противоречить + д.п.

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adattarsi, conformarsi a

приспоса́бливаться/приспособля́ться-приспособиться + д.п.

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ambientarsi in, familiarizzarsi con

присма́триваться-присмотреться к + д.п.

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chiamare, sollecitare / esortare

призывать-призва́ть к + д.п.

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indulgente, accondiscendente

снисходительный к + д.п.

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sentire la mancanza, avere nostalgia di

тосковать по + д.п.

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malinteso, equivoco / divergenza, dissenso

недоразуме́ние

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sottomettersi, assoggettarsi / rassegnarsi / obbedire, accettare

покоря́ться-покори́ться + д.п.

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andatura, modo di camminare, passo

походка

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contatti, dialogo

общение (на)

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sociale, pubblico / collettivo

общественный

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comunità

сообщество

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etnologico

страноведческий

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dare, assegnare / prestare, concedere

уделять-удели́ть

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conoscenza / informazioni, notizie

све́дение

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generalizzare, sintetizzare

обобща́ть-обобщи́ть

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accompagnare

сопровождать-сопроводи́ть

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interconnessione, correlazione

взаимосвязь

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esserci, essere disponibile

иметься

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lista, elenco

перечень (м.)

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cittadino/a

горожанин, горожанка

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spese

затраты (на)/расходы

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negativo

отрицательный

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dimora, abitazione, alloggio

жильё

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positivo, affermativo

положительный

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impresa, azienda, società

предприятие

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sistemazione, disposizione, collocamento

размещение

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di campagna, rurale

сельский

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luogo, paese, territorio / località

местность

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allargamenro, ampliamento / dilatazione, espansione / incremento / sviluppo

расширение

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fusione, unione / confluenza

слияние

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aumento, incremento

увеличение

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spostamento, trasferimento

перемещение

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prima, in precedenza / anzitutto

прежде

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prima di tutto, innanzitutto

прежде всего

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ricerca

поиск

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servizio, assistenza

обслуживание

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d’istruzione

образовательный

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fondazione, istituzione / ente / istituto

учреждение

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di molto, di gran lunga

намного

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capitare

наблюдаться

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diventare vuoto/deserto, svuotarsi, spopolarsi

пустеть-опусте́ть

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cercare di arrivare, aspirare, tendere, anelare / sforzarsi, cercare

стремиться

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logico, normale / regolare, conforme alle leggi

закономерный

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effetto, conseguenza

следствие

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rimanente, restante, altro

остальной

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rimanente, restante, altro

остальной

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testimoniare, confermare

свидетельствовать-освиде́тельствовать о + п.п.

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tener conto, tenere presente / contabilizzare

учитывать-уче́сть

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merci, articoli

това́ры

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servizio / favore

услуга

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stima, valutazione / giudizioo, parere

оценка

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favorevole, propizio, positivo

благоприятный

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scomodare / rendere difficile, ostacolare

затруднять-затрудни́ть

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limite, confine, frontiera

рубеж

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delinquente, reo, criminale

преступник

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nascondersi

прятаться-спрятаться

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irreversibile

необратимый

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presentare, esibire, avanzare

предъявлять-предъяви́ть

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educazione, formazione

воспитание

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costantemente

постоянно

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di campagna, di fuori città

загородный

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collegamento, unione

соединение

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direzione, guida, gestione

руководство

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unione, unificazione, fusione / associazione

объединение

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separazione

разъединение

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circostanza, fatto / (pl.) ragioni, cause, motivi

обстоятельство

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scaturire, derivare, risultare

вытекать

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simile, analogo

подобный

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osservanza, rispetto

следование

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locale (sost.)

помещение

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prova, dimostrazione

доказательство

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essere adatto, andare bene

подходи́ть-подойти́

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ambientarsi / familiarizzarsi con

осва́иваться-осво́иться

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prenotazione

бронирование

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cambiamento, mutamento, variazione / modifica

изменение в + т.п.

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collaborazione, cooperazione

сотру́дничество

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per conto di, a spese di

за счёт

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richiesta, esigenza / rivendicazione, pretesa

требование к + д.п.

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stimolare, spingere

побужда́ть-побуди́ть

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conclusione, deduzione

вывод

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anziano, avanti negli anni

пожилой

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a favore di

в по́льзу + р.п.

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trattare qcn / venire a costare / cavarsela, contentarsi, stare dentro / andare a finire bene

обходиться-обойти́сь

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alloggio, soggiorno / spesa

проживание

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interpretazione

толкование

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con immagini poetiche, colorato, poetico / espressivo, colorito

образный

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distanza

расстояние

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combinarsi, unirsi, andare insieme / collimare, coincidere

совмещаться-совмести́ться

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intento, disegno, proposito / idea, concetto

замысел

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sporgere, stargliarsi, emergere / distinguersi, spiccare

выдаваться

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dopo la morte, postumo

посмертно

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traslocare, trasferirsi

переселя́ться-переселиться

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permanente, costante

бессменный

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cadere, precipitare, sprofondare / crollare / fallire / sparire, andare a finire da qualche parte

прова́ливаться-провали́ться

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abbondante

обильный

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notizie, novità

Известие

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mettere/collocare dietro / ficcare, cacciare / depositare

закла́дывать-заложи́ть

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aumento, incremento

увеличение

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evidentemente, ovviamente

очеви́дно

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mediocre, privo di talento, incapace / inutile / inefficace

бездарный

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spegnersi

погаса́ть-га́снуть / пога́снуть

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selvaggio, selvatico / primitivo, rozzo, incivile / violento, furioso / scontroso, ritroso

дикий

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poi, dopo / per questo, a questo scopo / per questa ragione

затем

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muoversi, mettersi in moto/marcia, partire

тро́гаться (imp.)

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trovare, scegliere / raccogliere / aggiustare, mettere in ordine

подобрать-подбира́ть

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volere, desiderare

д.п. + угодно

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riuscire, risultare possibile

д.п. + удало́сь

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ГПУ

Госуда́рственное Полити́ческое Управле́ние

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in due parti uguali, a metà / mescolato

пополам

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accanirsi, esasperarsi

стервене́ть-остервене́ть(ся)

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grandezza / grandiosità, nobiltà

величие

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suggerire un’idea

надоу́мливать-надоумить

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Ha vomitato

его́ стошни́ло

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vittoriosamente, trionfalmente

победоносно

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lavorare, servire / funzionare, essere destinato a

служить-послужи́ть

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girasole

Подсо́лнух/подсо́лнечник

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uscire, liberarsi / spuntare, apparire

вылеза́ть-вы́лезти

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sporgere, emergere / spiccare / stare ritto

торчать

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circa, a proposito di

насчет + р.п.

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cadere, cascare / piombare

сва́ливаться-свали́ться

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ultimo, finale / estremo, eccezionale / radicale

крайний

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alveare

улей

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tintura / colore, sfumatura

окраска

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trattenére il fiato

затаи́ть дыха́ние

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posizione, condizione

положение

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sanità pubblica

здравоохранение

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disinteressataménte, generosaménte

бескорыстно

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mettere al corrente

ознакомля́ть/знако́мить-ознако́мить

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questo

сей

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anteriore, davanti

передний

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cammino, marcia, spostamento, corteo / ingresso, entrata, porta

ход

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calpestare

иста́птывать-истопта́ть

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Accigliarsi, aggrottare la fronte / incupirsi

Хмуриться-нахму́риться

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strappare, rompere / interrompere, troncare

обрыва́ть-оборва́ть

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descrivere

опи́сывать-описа́ть

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opposto, contrario

противный

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interrogando

расспра́шивать-расспроси́ть

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del tutto, completamente

вовсе

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perdere, rimanere privo

лиша́ться-лиши́ться

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supersizioso

суеверный

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possedere

обладать

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talmente tanto, così

настолько

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stringersi, essere stretti / affollarsi, invadere

тесни́ться

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patrimonio, beni

имущество

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secondario, di second’ordine, accessiorio

побочный

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salutare (verbo)

здоро́ваться-поздоро́ваться

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fare rumore, fare chiasso / fare scandalo

шуметь

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apprendere, venire a sapere / riconoscere / conoscere, provare

узнавать-узнать

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rappresentativo

сборный

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bimbo piccolo, piccino

малыш

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zaino

ранец

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viene odore di

(из + р.п.) несёт + т.п.

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fritto, arrostito / tostato

жареный

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pasticceria

кондитерская

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legna

дрова

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pettirosso

снегирь (м.)

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limite, estremo (agg.)

Предельный

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esercito, forze armate / truppe

войско

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morte, distruzione / perdita

гибель (ж.)

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opera, creazione

творение

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canile, cuccia / bugigattolo

конура

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dritto / diretto, immediato / schietto, sincero / aperto, chiaro / ovvio / proprio, letterale

прямой

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di/da ragazza

де́вичий

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unirsi, fondersi

слива́ться-сли́ться

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scurirsi, oscurarsi

темнеть-потемне́ть

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n lungo, longitudinalmente / lungo qc

вдоль + р.п.

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possessivo

Притяжательный

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inviato / in trasferta / in missione

командиро́ванный

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tela, quadro

полотно

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bollettino meteorologico

сво́дка пого́ды

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castello

замо́к

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panchina

скамейка

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di servizio, di turno

дежу́рный

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muratore

ка́менщик

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estinguersi, spegnersi

вымира́ть-вы́мереть

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seccarsi / struggersi, deperire / avvizzire, appassire, diventare duro (pane)

со́хнуть-вы́сохнуть/засо́хнуть

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gelare, raffreddarsi

мёрзнуть-замёрзнуть

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lecito, ammesso

позволительный

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abbronzarsi / oziare

загорать-загореть

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congedarsi, dire addio / rinunciare

расставаться-расста́ться

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asciugare

Вытереть-вытира́ть

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resto (denaro) / consegna / restituzione

сдача

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fare la doccia

приня́ть душ

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gradino

ступенька

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significare / indicare, segnare

обознача́ть-обознача́ть

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avverbio

наречие

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virgola

запятая

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orgoglioso

гордый

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franco, schietto, sincero / evidente, palese

открове́нный

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decina

десяток

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salotto, soggiorno

гостиная

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sparo

выстрел

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cessare, calmare / calmarsi

стихать-сти́хнуть

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ora, momento / periodo, tempo, stagione

пора́

rumoroso, animato / clamoroso, strepitoso

шумный

postero, discendente

потомок

indifferenza

безразличие

compagno di scuola

товарищ по школе

a posto (al proprio posto)

на место

tra un attimo

через минуту

persuadere, convincere

угова́ривать-уговори́ть

casa editrice

издательство

ragazzo, ragazzino

мальчишка

sembrare, parere

казаться-показа́ться

sembrare, parere

казаться-показа́ться

versare / spargere, gettare / lasciar cadere (foglie)

сы́пать

capacità, doti / possibilità

способность к + д.п.

uso, impiego

употребление

comparare, confrontare

сопоставлять-сопоста́вить

mescolare, mischiare / confondere / turbare

сме́шивать/меша́ть-смеша́ть

modello, esempio / campione, saggio / modello, stile, concezione

образец

aspettuale

видовой

appoggio, sostegno

опо́ра

divertente, interessante, curioso

занимательный

appoggiarsi / basarsi, avvalersi

опира́ться-опере́ться на + в.п.

afferrarsi, aggrapparsi

хвататься-схвати́ться/хвати́ться за + в.п. / цепляться

penetrare, introdursi / diffondersi

проникать-прони́кнуть

tana, nido

нора

insetto

насекомое

lucertola

ящерица

ascella

мышка

educatore, istitutore

воспитатель, воспитательница

mezzo di trasporto

средство передвижения

portare, trasportare / consegnare

доставля́ть-доста́вить

cerchio, cerchione

обруч

cacciatore

охотник

grotta, caverna, spelonca

пещера

più volte, ripetuto

многократный

ferito

раненый

alla pari, ugualmente / oltre a

наряду́ т.+п.

rivelarsi, manifestarsi

проявляться-прояви́ться

disastro, calamità

бе́дствие

essere in pericolo

терпе́ть бе́дствие

lunghezza, durata

длительность

arrivare

прибыва́ть-прибыть

presentarsi, venire / sorgere, venire / risultare, essere

явля́ться-яви́ться

limite, confine

предел

attraversare

пересекать-пересе́чь

passare (lasciando dietro o in disparte, spec. qualche luogo)

миновать

lasciare / consegnare / lasciare, mantere, tenere / abbandonare

оставля́ть-оста́вить

fuori (moto a luogo)

нару́жу

allontanarsi, scostarsi

удаля́ться-удали́ться

sosta, luogo di sosta

привал

attraversamento / intersezione, incrocio

пересечение

accettazione / assunzione / ammissione / accoglienza / procedimento, metodo / ricezione

приём

lungo, duraturo, di lunga durata

длительный

esiguo, di lieve entità / insignificante, irrilevante

незначительный

sfumatura

отте́нок

modo imperativo

повели́тельное наклоне́ние

impianto / impostazione, orientamento / installazione

установка

tournée

гастроли

avanti e indietro

взад и вперёд

giardinetto, asilo infantile

садик

disco (musica)

пласти́нка

vassoio

поднос

alzarsi in piedi / svegliarsi / mettersi (coll.)

встава́ть-встать

tutti insieme / in armonia

дружно

marciapiede

тротуар

spazzatura, rifiuti

мусор

discarica

свалка

coniugazione

спряжение

lungomare

на́бережная

coinvolgimento / aggiramento, accerchiamento (окружение)

охват

aiuola

клумба

ammirare (per qualche tempo)

полюбоваться-полюбова́ться

consegna

вручение

premiazione, ricompensa / gratificazione

награждение

vincitore (spec. di un premio, in un concorso e sim.)

лауреат

sottoporre

подвергать-подве́ргнуть +д.п.

contributo, tributo, apporto

вклад

stancarsi

уставать-уста́ть

creazione / opera/e, produzione artistica

творчество

valore, prezzo / importanza

ценность

valore, prezzo / importanza

ценность

manifestazione / identificazione, individuazione

выявление

dichiarazione / parere, giudizio / enunciato (ling.)

высказывание

aderire, associarsi / accompagnarsi, unirsi

присоединя́ться-присоедини́ться к+д.п.

essere ammesso

пройти́ по ко́нкурсу

pensare / rappresentare, immaginare / avere intenzione (pensare di)

мыслить

sinteticamente / genericamente

обобщённо

rispettare, osservare / conservare, mantenere

соблюдать-соблюсти́

obiezione

возражение

determinativo

определительный

carattere, proprietà / segno, sintomo

признак

eccellente, egregio, superlativo

превосходный

grado superlativo

превосхо́дная сте́пень

tessuto, stoffa / intreccio, trama

ткань (ж.)

similitudine, paragone

уподобление

mettere in ansia, preoccupare, allarmare / disturbare, molestare

тревожить-встрево́жить/потрево́жить

stabile, saldo / costante / fermo / non soggetto a, resistente a (к+д.п.)

устойчивый

aspirazione, tendenza / desiderio, impulso

стремление к+д.п.

comporsi, costituirsi / formarsi / mettersi (es: благоприя́тно) / fare le valigie, prepararsi per il viaggio

скла́дываться-сложи́ться

indiretto / obliquo, inclinato

косвенный ≠ прямо́й

partecipazione / compassione

участие

solennità, festa / trionfo, vittoria / giubilo, esultanza

торжество

festeggiato

юбиляр

sete / brava, avidità

жажда

acutizzazione, inasprimento

обострение

sforzo

усилие

fatto, incidente, caso

происшествие

indicativo

изъявительный

proposizione subordinata

прида́точное предложе́ние

trattative/a, negoziato / colloquio, conversazione

переговоры

attirare, avvicinare, far venire

привлекать-привле́чь

richiamo, attrazione

привлечение

introduzione / applicazione, adozione

внедрение

concessivo

уступительный

contrapposizione

противопоставление

zelo, diligenza / sforzi, fatiche

старание

cosciente / consapevole, ragionevole

сознательный

prevalente, principale / preferenziale

преимущественный

condannare, biasimare

осуждать-осуди́ть

contraddittorietà

противоречивость

pregio, merito / dignità / valore

достоинство

particella (ling.)

частица

comparativo

сравнительный

somiglianza / affinità

сходство

testardo, caparbio, cocciuto / tenace, perseverante, determinato

упрямый

asino

осёл

vile, codardo

трусливый

certo, attendibile

достоверный

indignarsi, scandalizzarsi / sollevarsi, ammutinarsi

возмуща́ться-возмути́ться

comprensione

постижение

aumento, crescita, intensificazione

нарастание

calo, abbassamento

убывание

introduttivo

вводный

precisare, correggere

уточня́ть-уточнить

pezzo, taglio, tratto, parte

отре́зок

con diligenza, con zelo

усердно

per metà / parzialmente

наполовину

per metà / parzialmente

наполовину

impronta, orma, traccia

след

Posteriore, di dietro / indietro

задний

chiodo

гвоздь (м.)

mucchio, cumulo, ammasso / gran quantità, moltitudine, massa

куча

asfissiante, soffocante

удушливый

precedere

предшествовать

oziare, bighellonare

бездельничать

acuirsi, aggravarsi, inasprirsi

обостря́ться-обостриться

staccarsi, cadere / diminuire, scalare

спадать-спасть

mettersi, iniziare a

приниматься-приня́ться за+в.п.

rimprovero / accusa

упрёк

provare, dimostrare

дока́зывать-доказать

colpevole

виновный

fiera

ярмарка

visione

просмотр

sesso (m/f)

пол

lavorare a

работать над + т.п.

separato, isolato / certo, singolo

отдельный

anticipatamente, prima del termine stabilito

досрочно

ispirare / entusiasmare / stimolare, spingere

вдохновлять-вдохнови́ть

occuparsi esclusivamente di, essere ossessionato da

зацикливаться-заци́клиться на+р.п.

rispettare, stimare / apprezzare

уважать

disposizione, situazione

расклад

naturale / normale, solito / disinvolto

естественный

intendere, avere in mente

иметь в виду

tirare le somme

подвести/подби́ть итог

sottintendere

подразумевать

più brevemente / per farla breve

короче

inconsciamente

подсознательно

all’antica

по-старинному

baffo

ус

a giudicare da

Судя по + д.п.

sin da tempi antichi

и́здавна

probabilmente

вероятно

scalzo

босиком

capacità di ragionare, intendimento / riflessione / parere, giudizio, considerazione / motivo

соображение

Fare un favore

Услуживать- услужи́ть +д.п.

senza volere, involontariamente

невольно

con impazienza

нетерпеливо

delirio, assurdità, sproposito

бред

Irregolare / brusco, impetuoso / impulsivo, irruento

Порывистый

violenza fisica / costrizione

насилие

Crudeltà, spietatezza, brutalità

Жестокость

spiegarsi

изъясня́ться-изъясни́ться

reggere, sopportare, resistere / sostenere, superare (esame) / tenere duro, resistere

выде́рживать-вы́держать

fabbricare, produrre / causare, provocare / fare, effettuare, eseguire

производи́ть-произвести́

Soggetto a, predisposto

Подверженный

farsi, diventare

делаться-сделаться

essere attratto da

р.п. + тя́нет (impers.) в/к

esprimere un parere, dare un giudizio

отзыва́ться-отозва́ться о + п.п.

Ignoranza / scortesia, sgarbo

Невежество

Entusiasmo

восторг

opaco, torbido / pallido, smorto / senza vita, spento

тусклый

ipocrisia

Лицемерие

ipocrisia

Лицемерие

Inorridire, rimanere inorridito

Ужаса́ться-ужасну́ться

fitto, folto, denso / spesso

густой

Intensità, acutezza / asprezza, durezza / bruschezza / nitidezza

Резкость

congenito, innato

врожденный

Etico, morale

Нравственный

inculcare, infondere / suscitare, ispirare

внушать-внушить

erudito, colto / che ha letto molto

начитанный

di informazioni / di consultazione

справочный

sfogliare

Перелистывать-перелистать

uguale, identico

одина́ковый

davvero, possibile, forse / semmai

разве

non per niente, non senza ragione

недаром

di oggi, attuale, presente, adesso

теперешний

mugik, contadino / uomo, persona

мужик

Ingenuo, innocente

Невинный

condannare / assegnare, conferire

Присужда́ть-присудить

Lavori forzati / galera

Ка́торга

rispetto, osservanza

соблюдение

opportuno, adeguato

целесообразный

esplosione, scoppio

взрыв

insoddisfatto

неудовлетворенный

vendicativo

Мстительный

пот

sudore

pretesto, scusa, motivo

по́вод

suburbano

подгородный

suburbano

подгородный

quotidianamente, ordinariamente / di solito

обыкновенно

Rumore, ticchettio / il picchiare, il bussare

стук

padrona

хозяйка

Ragionevole, assennato, sano

здравый

vergine, intatto, intero

девственный

impiego, ufficio / servizio

Служба

senza farsi notare

незаметно

flessibile, elastico, agile

гибкий

ingegnoso, pieno di risorse

изобретательный

Indebolirsi / affievolirsi, calare

Ослабева́ть/слабе́ть-ослабе́ть

in particolare

в ча́стности

cadavere

Труп

indifeso, inerme

беззащитный

Riflessione, meditazione

размышление

aspettare (+gen.)

дожида́ться-дожда́ться +р.п.

Di nascosto

тайком

ladro

вор

passare, farsi strada (con difficoltà) / penetrare, intrufolarsi

пробира́ться-пробра́ться

alba

рассвет

Abbracciare / avvolgere / accerchiare / coinvolgere, interessare / invadere, prendere (di sentimenti)

охва́тывать-охватить

suggerire

подска́зывать-подсказа́ть

latrato

лай

Accumularsi, ammassarsi

скопиться

prescrivere

Пропи́сывать-прописа́ть

accozzare, ammucchiare / prendere, sopraffare / rovesciare, abbattere

Сва́ливать/вали́ть-свали́ть

Privo di senso, insensato / inutile, senza scopo / stupido, irragionevole

бессмысленный

Asfissiante, soffocante

Уду́шливый

risparmiare, graziare / usare meno

щадить-пощади́ть

leggermente, un po’

слегка́

dondolarsi

Покачиваться-покача́ться

Abitante / inquilino

обитатель

Furbo, malizioso, maligno / burlone

лукавый

tranquillo, calmo, quieto

покойный

piegare giù, chinare, inclinare

нагиба́ть-нагнуть

strappare

рвать-сорва́ть

intuire, indovinare / riconoscere, identificare

уга́дывать-угада́ть

Perplessità, imbarazzo

Недоумение

strìngersi nelle spalle, alzare le spalle

пожа́ть плеча́ми

Con aria cupa

угрюмо

monotono / omogeneo, uniforme

однообразный

asciugarsi

Утираться-утере́ться

anche se, ma, però / del resto, d’altra parte

Впрочем

spàrgersi, propagarsi, diffóndersi

разноси́ться-Разнестись

Intervallo, interstizio

промежутка

Dare un’occhiata

Заглядывать-загляну́ть

in quésto móndo

на э́том све́те

avere intenzione di, intendere

намереваться

sarcasticamente

е́дко

comunque (fosse)

как бы то ни́ было / тем не ме́нее

solido, resistente, saldo / duro, sodo / sano, forte, robusto

кре́пкий

Severo, rigido / duro, penoso, difficile / cupo, tetro

суровый

fuori, via (coll.)

вон

Incedere, andatura / sviluppo, avanzamento, corso

по́ступь (ж.)

Duro, solido / ruvido / severo, rigido, rigoroso

Жёсткий

Avarizia / parsimonia, moderatezza

скупость

carica, ufficio, impiego

должность (принять должность)

Esistenza, vita / residenza, soggiorno

житьё

faccia, muso, ceffo

рожа

Trasferirsi, passare

Переводи́ться-перевести́сь

Rapinare, saccheggiare

Грабить-огра́бить

predecessore / precursore, antesignano

предшественник

Esagerare, gonfiare

Преувели́чивать-преувели́чить

gloria, fama

слава

richiamarsi, riferirsi, citare / scusarsi

ссыла́ться-сосла́ться на+в.п.

immorale

безнравственный

decidere / considerare, giudicare

рассудить

scomparire, svanire

выве́триваться-вы́ветриться

Pregiudizio, preconcetto

предрассудок

della vita / quotidiano, di tutti i giorni

житейский

Porcheria, schifezza / cattiveria

гадость

essere assimilato, assorbito

перерабатываться-перерабо́таться

Buono, valido

Путный (coll.)

Letame, sterco, concime

навоз

costruire, allestire / organizzare / sistemare, collocare

устра́ивать-устро́ить

ordinare, comandare

прика́зывать-приказа́ть +inf.

(insistere fino a) ottenere

настаивать-настоя́ть на+п.п.

esitando, con poca decisine, con poca risolutezza

нерешительно

sopprimere, abolire

упраздня́ть-упраздни́ть

notorio, indubbio, evidente

заведомый

prendere / comprare / smistare, mettere in ordine / smontare, scomporre / demolire / esaminare, analizzare / distinguere, identificare

разбира́ть-разобра́ть

arrivare in gran numero, venire a frotte

прива́ливать-привалить

per forza, volente o nolente, controvoglia

поневоле

inganno, frode, imbroglio / bugia, menzogna / errore

обман

alla buona, semplicemente / solo

по́просту

alleggerire / semplificare / alleviare

облегчать-облегчи́ть

presentarsi alla mente

напрашиваться

Magrissimo, molto smagrito / povero, magro, scarso

тощий

che passa da parte a parte / trasversale, ricorrente

сквозной

Graduale, dolce, fluido, scorrevole / graduale

плавный

Competente, esperto

сведущий

ad alta voce

вслух

Distribuzione / consegna, rilascio

выдача

farsi pensoso, rimanere sovrappensiero / cominciare a riflettere / esitare

заду́мываться-заду́маться

di tanto in tanto / in qualche posto, qua e là

и́зредка

interferire, immischiarsi, intromettersi

вме́шиваться-вмеша́ться в+в.п.

disabituarsi, perdere l’abitudine / estraniarsi, allontanarsi

отвыка́ть-отвы́кнуть

invariabilmente

неизменно

ricoperto, riempito / ingombrato

заваленный

stancare, affaticare

утомлять-утоми́ть

pathos, sentimento

проникновение

strappare, staccare / distogliere, distrarre

отрывать-оторва́ть

assonnato, gonfio per il sonno

за́спанный

con preoccupazione

озабоченно

Andare in rovina, fallire / spendere i soldi, rovinarsi

Разоря́ться-разори́ться

Lussuoso, di lusso / rigoglioso, lussureggiante

роскошный

Sensibile / sentimentale / considerevole

Чувствительный

ragionare / esporre i propri giudizi / discutere, contraddire

рассуждать

con alterigia, dall’alto in basso

свысока

magari, probabilmente, forse (particella)

Небось (pop.)

privazione

лишение

Degnarsi / volere, desiderare (ant.)

изво́лить

Rivelazione, manifestazione

проявление

alludere, fare allusione a

намека́ть на+в.п.

cambiare, sostituire

заменять-замени́ть

attuale, modreno / di oggi

нынешний

concetto, nozione / idea

понятие

disonore, infamia, vergogna

позо́р

avventura

приключе́ние

principe

князь

disperato / temerario, audace / accanito, appassionato

отча́янный

transitorio, passeggero

преходящий

disposizione, inclinazione / predisposizione, propensione / passione

склонность

trappola, tagliola / agguato

ловушка

pubertà, virilità

возмужалость / зрелость

Assurdità, assurdo

нелепость

sintesi, generalizzazione

обобщение

insostituibile / assolutamente indispensabile

незаменимый

confessare, ammettere

признава́ться-призна́ться

Restare immobile, fermarsi, arrestarsi / smorzarsi, attenuarsi

Замира́ть-замере́ть

tenerezza, intenerimento

умиление

estrarre / ricavare / trovare / ottenere, trarre

извлека́ть-извле́чь

materia, sostanza

вещество

consolare, confortare / rallegrare, far piacere

утеша́ть-уте́шить

astuccio, custodia

футля́р

senza volere, per caso

невзначай

gettare uno sguardo

бро́сить взгляд

è ripugnante, fa schifo

противно

come prima

по-прежнему

elemosina

милостыня

elemosina

милостыня

comprendere, concepire

постига́ть-пости́чь

sorte, fortuna

у́часть

toccare, sfiorare / offendere / disturbare / commuovere

трогать-тро́нуть

luccichio, bagliore / splendore, magnificenza / vivacità

блеск

decidersi / osare, azzardarsi

реша́ться-реши́ться

identificazione

распознавание

confronto, paragone

сравнение

in confronto

в сравне́нии с+т.п.

semianalfabeta / rozzo, incolto

полуграмотный

invidia

за́висть (ж.)

d’ora in avanti

впредь

evitare, scansare

сторони́ться-посторони́ться

volentieri, con piacere

охотно

a quésto propòsito

по э́тому по́воду

Compassione, pietà

жалость

Ripugnanza, disgusto

брезгливость

dare un’occhiata di tanto in tanto

поглядывать

Allungarsi, stendersi / raddrizzarsi, mettersi sull’attenti / estendersi, distendersi

Вытя́гиваться-вы́тянуться

riferire

Докла́дывать-доложи́ть

gomito

локоть (м.)

sporgente

навыкате

insignire / degnare

удоста́ивать-удосто́ить

Frenesia, accanimento, furia

исступление

Pestare, calpestare, battere

То́пать-то́пнуть

annegare

Топи́ть-утопи́ть

Boia, giustiziere / torturatore / carnefice

Палач

a sangue freddo

хладнокровно

capro espiatòrio

козёл отпуще́ния

immensamente, infinitamente

неизмеримо

vergognarsi di fare, avere scrupolo di

стесня́ться-постесня́ться

banconota / documento / pezzo di carta, cartaccia

бумажка

volgarmente / banalmente

пошло

aurora, alba / origini

заря́

morire, crepare

издыха́ть-издо́хнуть

Evviva …!

да здра́вствует и.п.!

inventare, realizzare / escogitare

выду́мывать-вы́думать

Riflessivo, ponderato, assennato

вдумчивый

Pensiero, facoltà mentale

мышление

comprensione

уразумение

terrestre

земной

Fantasma, spettro

призрак

Fantasma, spettro

призрак

manifestarsi, vedersi, notarsi

замечаться

Confusione, imbarazzo / inquietudine, turbamento

смуще́ние

fare un casino (/una cazzata)

накосячить

a caso, a casaccio

наудачу

divinare, predire il futuroоторвать

гадать-погада́ть

collega

напарник

estendersi / поясdilatarsi, distendersi, allargarsi

растя́гиваться-растяну́ться

fuso oràrio

часово́й по́яс

successione, sequenza / coerenza, logicità

последовательность

professióne, mestière

род заня́тий

con rimprovero, con disapprovazione

укоризненно

lavori forzati

ка́торга

Accogliente, comodo

уютный

onesto, serio

порядочный

È ripugnante, è schifoso

гадко

eccitamento, eccitazione

возбуждение

soddisfazione, contentezza

довольство

magari, probabilmente, forse / sicuramente

небо́сь, …

ricettivo

восприимчивый

diventare obèso, ingrassare mólto

заплы́ть жи́ром

studio, apprendimento / dottrina, teoria

уче́ние

solidificarsi, condensarsi / gelare, ghiacciarsi / fermarsi, restare immobile

застыва́ть-засты́ть

distruzione, annientamento / eliminazione

уничтожение

indignato, scandalizzato

возмущённый

Essere triste, rattristarsi

Печа́литься-опеча́литься

resto

про́чее

intimorire / intimidire, minacciare

запу́гивать-запуга́ть

intervenire, intercedere, prendere le difese

вступаться-вступи́ться

è indecente

неприлично

rammarico, rimpianto, rincrescimento

сожаление

generale, universale

всеобщий

tirare un sospiro, riprendere fiato

вздыха́ть-вздохну́ть

assiduamente, diligentemente

старательно

interrogativo

вопросительный

accarezzare / stirare

гла́дить-погла́дить

allusione / accenno, lieve indizio

намёк

presentarsi, venire / donare / conferire

жа́ловать-пожа́ловать

scuola, istituto

училище

Adattare, adibire

Приспоса́бливать/приспособля́ть-приспосо́бить

risultare necessario, avere bisogno di, servire a

на́добиться-пона́добиться + д.п.

produttivo

производительный

esemplare, mpdello (agg.)

образцовый

ordine / modalità, procedura, via

порядок

conduzione, gestione, amministrazione

веде́ние

emozionato, agitato, eccitato

взволнованный

disposizione, sistemazione / inclinazione, propensione / umore, stato d’animo

расположение

obbligare

обя́зывать-обяза́ть

divertirsi, svagarsi / distrarsi

развлека́ться-развлечься

in sostanza, insomma, veramente / propriamente

собственно

lontananza, orizzonte lontano / posto lontano

даль (ж.)

male

дурно

per giunta, per di più

Вдобавок

frode, truffa

мошенничество

alternativamente, alternando

вперемежку

Stizza, dispetto / disappunto, delusione

досада

indiscriminatamente

без разбо́ра

dichiarare, annunciare

объявля́ть-объяви́ть

darsi, abbandonarsi

предава́ться-преда́ться + д.п.

rendersi conto, essere consapevole di

сознавать-созна́ть

Troppo disinvolto, invadente / spegiudicato

развязный

stupendo, meraviglioso

изумительный

tenacemente, ostinatamente

упорно

in modo incoerente, sconnessamente

бессвязно

indiscreto, indelicato / spinto

нескромный

provocare, suscitare

наводи́ть-навести́ на+в.п.

afferrare, prendere / interessare, toccare

захватывать-захвати́ть

ozio

праздность

solitario / singolo / isolato

одиночный

di poco conto / meschino / insignificante

ме́лочный

increscioso, spiacevole

досадный

forzatamente, senza naturalezza

принуждённо

miglioramento, ristabilimento / correzione

поправка

misero, minimo, insignificante / da nulla, da poco

ничтожный

scoraggiarsi, sconfortarsi

унывать

Scagliare, scaraventare

Швыря́ть-швырну́ть

venire in mente

прийти на мысль

circolo vizioso

заколдо́ванный круг

Farsi buio, farsi notte

Смеркаться

Tra le braccia

в охапке

ansia, angoscia / noia / nostalgia / senso di mancanza

тоска

sputare

Сплёвывать-сплю́нуть

tra il sonno e la veglia, nel dormiveglia, assonnatoнаград

спросо́нок

(da/di) dietro

Сзади

scuotere, agitare

потрясать-потрясти́

almeno, al limite

по кра́йней ме́ре

mordere, addentare

куса́ть-укуси́ть

coscienza

со́весть

mettere in guardia / avvertire, avvisare

предостерега́ть-предостере́чь

spesso, frequentemente, sovente

зачасту́ю

discordanza / divergenza, discrepanza

разногласие

farcela, riuscire / superare

справляться-спра́виться

sensore

датчик

quotidiano, di tutti i giorni

повседневный

a propria volta

в свою́ о́чередь

trasformarsi, diventare

превраща́ться-преврати́ться

conversione, trasformazione

преобразование

il bastone e la carota

кнут и пряник

mercante, negoziante

купец

disponibile ad aiutare

отзывчивый

soprannome, nomignolo

прозвище

ripetizioni private

репетиторств

abbozzo, schizzo

зарисовка

concludere, finire

завершать-заверши́ть

saggio letterario / schizzo, bozzetto

очерк

provvedere, mantenere

обеспе́чивать-обеспе́чить

reddito, entrata, profitto

доход

stampa

печать (ж.)

direttore, amministratore, capo

заведующий

vita quotidiana

быт

continuo, senza interruzioni / totale, integrale

сплошной

fascino, incanto

очарование

essere sottinteso

разуметься

amministrazióne autònoma locale (in Russia prima del 1917)

земство

crepuscolo

сумерки

il più piccolo, il minimo

малейший

pigrizia / sonnolenza, indolenza

лень (ж.)

chiuso, isolato / riservato, asociale

за́мкнутый

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