VOCAB UNIT 3

Question 1

Nicholas Copernicus

Answer 1

He believed the sun was the center of the universe which the earth revolved around, he used math to prove his points which later inspired others to look over tradition to solve problems

Question 2

Law of Nature

Answer 2

The laws of nature created by Newton tell us the language of God which later led many to see a change of perspective between the old world and the new world

Question 3

Colonialism

Answer 3

Was the practice of political control over another county which then they would put settlers in place to later exploit it economically, which was tactical

Question 4

Imperialism

Answer 4

This was the extending of an empire or nation to secure ruling interests which was the philosophy driving the tactic

Question 5

Blaise Pascal

Answer 5

-Thought that faith and reason were important components of Christianity
-He stated that the heart has reason the mind does not
-Founding father of computer science, this French thinker left behind posthumously published “thoughts” (Pensées) in which he sought a middle path for Christians during the Scientific Revolution:

Question 6

Epistemology

Answer 6

The theory of knowledge
-the laws of human reason

Question 7

Glorious Revolution

Answer 7

-The British protestants overthrew King James II and
William and Mary replaced him but they had to accept a Bill of Rights which set in place everyone has the right to a trial, judge, and vote.
-Constitutional Monarchy
-Ungodly

Question 8

French Revolution

Answer 8

The French forced their king to accept a constitutional monarchy which brought a reign of terror

Question 9

The American Revolution

Answer 9

Formed their own “continental congress” and began a military revolt in 1775. One year later they formally declared independence from Britain. With the assistance of France and other European powers, the Americans forced Britain to sue for peace in 1783.

Question 10

Adam Smith

Answer 10

-A leader of the Scottish Enlightenment
-Maximizing prosperity would be for the market to operate freely, letting laws of supply and demand set prices and wages.
-Removing government control on economic markets

Question 11

George Whitefield

Answer 11

-Was the greatest preacher of the First Great Awakening
-Whitefield remains both an inspirational and troubling figure for contemporary evangelicals, since (like Jonathan Edwards) he both included African Americans in his revivals and held slaves himself.

Question 11

First Great Awakening

Answer 11

“Great Awakening” gave rise to “evangelical” Protestantism, which held to Reformation doctrines like sola scriptura and sola gratia, but tended to emphasize individual experience and working across denominational lines for the sake of evangelism and social reform.

Question 12

Voltaire

Answer 12

A leading proponent of Deism who was harshly critical of organized religion, this French writer was one of the most popular proponents of the Enlightenment.

Question 12

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 12

Virginia planter became the chief author of the American Declaration of Independence, for which he adapted Locke’s language of natural rights and justification for revolution.

Question 13

Abolition Movement

Answer 13

an American movement to abolish slavery grew in numbers and influence in the decades before the Civil War

Question 14

Suffrage Movement

Answer 14

went on to advocate for women’s right to vote, both at the state level and in a national campaign to amend the U.S. Constitution.

Question 15

Seneca Falls Movement

Answer 15

marked the rise of the women’s rights movement

Question 16

Salvation Army

Answer 16

Founded in impoverished East London by Methodist preacher William Booth and his wife Catherine, the Salvation Army grew into an international organization

Still well known for its disaster relief, homeless shelters, and Christmas bell-ringing campaigns to raise money for the poor, the Salvation Army seeks to meet the physical and spiritual needs of those in need

Question 17

Inerrancy

Answer 17

lack of error; infallibility

Question 18

Inspiration

Answer 18

the process of being mentally stimulated to do or feel something

Question 19

German Christians

Answer 19

who viewed Hitler as a messianic figure, rejected the Jewishness of Jesus, and supported Hitler’s attempt to put the church under the control of the Nazi government

Question 20

Conscientious Objector

Answer 20

one who is opposed to serving in the armed forces and/or bearing arms on the grounds of moral or religious principles.

Question 21

Adolf Hitler

Answer 21

Born in Austria, Adolf Hitler fought for Germany during World War I, then became the leader of a small right-wing party known as the National Socialists. Inspired by the success of Italian fascism, Hitler rose to power in 1933 by appealing to a mix of militaristic nationalism, anti-Communism, and anti-Semitism.