MASTERY TERMS UNIT 2

Question 1

Benedict

Answer 1

WHO- religious reformer who was monastic
WHERE- Italy
WHEN- 4th-5th century
WHY-
1)Created the rule of Benedict which implicated rules to live a life full of prayer
2)Developed a motto which served as prayer and work to help care for the poor

Question 2

Muhammad

Answer 2

WHO- Arab religious leader of Islamic ways
WHERE- Mecca
WHEN- 5th-6th century
WHY
1) He forms the scripture of the Qur’an and the founder of islam
2) Was the chosen recipient and messenger of the word of God through the divine revelations

Question 3

Charlemagne

Answer 3

WHO- King of the franks
WHERE- Frankish Kingdom
WHEN- 8th century
WHY-
1)Started school and universities which we still use widely today
2) Strong supporter of the church so the pope crowns him emperor of the holy roman empire

Question 4

Hildegard of Bingen

Answer 4

WHO- Mystic and scholar as well as a monastic leader
WHERE- Germany
WHEN-12th century
WHY
1) her diverse gifts made her a medieval celebrity, able to criticize kings and correspond with popes.
2) A doctor of the church who had mystic, full body experiences

Question 5

Sacraments

Answer 5

-Rights of the church
-Beginning –> End of life
-6th century until NOW

Question 6

Francis of Assisi

Answer 6

WHO- Asceticism man who was a devoted christian
WHERE- Italy
WHEN- 13th century
WHY
1) He created a new monastic order based around poverty and simplicity
2) Has many missionary journeys to preach to all creation to live a life that looked like the life of christ

Question 7

Thomas Aquinas

Answer 7

WHO- Medieval christian scholastic philosopher
WHERE- Italy
WHEN- 13th century
WHY
1) Defined just law as any law that uplifts human personality
unjust laws are which that degrade human personality
2) Created the hierarchy of laws which can be seen as a way to look at eternal law, divine law, natural law and human law
3)Understood human condition, faith completes reason and grace completes nature

Question 8

Averroes

Answer 8

WHO- A rationalist who was also a Islamic Philosopher
WHERE-Morocco
WHEN-12th century
WHY
1) He believed that muslims should study and learn the ways of non Muslim philosophers
2) He devoted his studies to Aristotle which were translated to latin and Hebrew

Question 9

High Middle Ages

Answer 9

WHO- Period of culture and economic flourishing
WHEN-10th-12th century
WHY
1) The rise of large cities and economic prosperity
2) The crusades started
3) Faith and reason was integrated
4)God’s revelation of himself which can be seen as special and natural

Question 10

Black Death

Answer 10

WHO- Epidemic which killed millions
WHERE-Central Asia to Europe
WHEN-13 century
WHY
1) Theological reasoning and resentment of the church are set into play
2) Labor shortage which resulted in better wages and working conditions

Question 11

Great (western) Schism

Answer 11

WHO- Popes and Kings
WHERE-France
WHEN- 13th-14th century
WHY
1) Split western churches causes there to be two popes

Question 12

Ad Fontes

Answer 12

WHO- “back to the source”
WHERE-Greek and Roman
WHEN-14th-16th century’s
WHY
1) This caused the rediscovery of greek
2) A sense of renaissance humanism was used in the text

Question 13

Erasmus

Answer 13

WHO- The prince of humanism, dutch born man
WHERE- France
WHEN- 16th century
WHY
1) Uses the Ad Fontes approach to reconstruct a Greek New Testament
2) Encouraged the learning of pagan poets and philosophers to help read the bible better

Question 14

Machiavelli

Answer 14

WHO- Held government positions in republican Florence
WHERE- Italy
WHEN-16th century
WHY
1) Had a secular understanding of politics, leaders should appear religious but be prepared to put all of it aside when the time comes
2) He showed us in the prince writing what the importance of being feared is compared to being loved.

Question 15

Italian Renaissance

Answer 15

WHO- A major consensus
WHERE- Italy
WHEN- 14th-16th century
WHY
1)The rebirth of ancient texts which led us to discover the rich complexity of ancient culture
2) it later sophisticated concepts and values

Question 16

Gutenberg Printing Press

Answer 16

-Made by Johannes Gutenberg which made it possible for the first time in Europe to manufacture large numbers of books for relatively little cost.
-14th century

Question 17

Martin Luther

Answer 17

WHO- A monk who was a professor of theology
WHERE- Erfurt, Germany
WHEN- 15th-16th century
WHY
1) Published the 3 treaties which were, that everyone can interpret scripture, only three sacraments, and mass is only a remembrance
2) Proposed his 95 thesis to stop the selling of indulgences which ended up getting him defined as a heretic to later his development of the Protestant Church.
3) He helped us look at misunderstood terms like law, sin, grace, and faith

Question 18

Calvin

Answer 18

WHO- A great protestant systematizer
WHERE-Geneva
WHEN- 16th Century
WHY
1) Created the institute of the Christian religion which can be seen showing his view on Christians transforming culture
2) His views on theology can help us understand God’s glory, God’s sovereignty and human depravity

Question 19

Anabaptists

Answer 19

WHERE- Switzerland through Germany and the Netherlands
WHEN-16th Century
WHY
1) They believed that a child should not be baptised because he is not aware of what is happening.
2) They were strict pacifisms which means they rejected the use of violence in any way, would not swear oaths
3) Christians reject culture

Question 20

Elizabeth I

Answer 20

WHO- English queen who was a protestant believer
WHERE- England
WHEN- 16th-17th Century
WHY
1) Made a Elizabthian compromise which moderated the protestant theology which would later unify the english kingdom
2) Made it possibly for a catholic and a protestant person able to talk about there religion and believe everything they say
3) Persecuted puritans who would not follow the Elizabethian compromise