Vocab test 1 Flashcards
Fermentation is ___ and occurs in __.
The metabolic process of converting carbohydrates into acid or alcohol.
Microorganisms or fungi
Cellular respiration - short definition
Metabolic process that converts nutrients into ATP.
Stage 1 of cellular respiration
Glycolysis
Glucose- -> pyruvic acid
Stage 2 of cell. resp
Krebs cycle
Stage 3 cellular respiration
Electron transport chain/ATP synthase action
What are redox rxns?
A chemical rxn that results in the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion gains or loses electrons - charge changes.
Why do cells bother going through redox rxns? How do they do this?
TO MAKE ENERGYYYY
Electrons associated with less electronegative atoms (ex- C or H), they are at a higher nrg lvl. They are at lower neg lvls when bonded to a less electronegative O. So when glucose is broken down (C^6H^12O^6 + 6O^2 -> 6CO^2 + 6H^2O), the electrons move into a lower nrg lvl and RELEASE NRG.
Glycolysis
The breakdown of carbohydrates (like glucose) into smaller molecules (like pyruvate)
Citric acid cycle is aka….
It occurs when….
Krebs cycle
Glucose, fatty acids, and some amino acids are oxidized to transform nrg in these molecules into ATP.
What is OXPHOS and where does it occur? Why is it important?
OXPHOS is the metabolic process by which enzymes oxidize nutrients to release nrg. That nrg is uses to put ADP and P back together to make ATP.
Mitochondria
Needed to rebuild ATP
What is substrate level phosphorylation?
The phosphate that was bound to a phosphorylated substrate is transferred to a free ADP, making ATP again.
What is ATP synthase? Where is it located?
ATP synthase is an enzyme located in the mitochondria or chloroplasts that produces ATP.
What is an electron transport chain or ETC?
Series of compounds which transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors through a series of redox reactions, and coupled with the transfer of H+ across a membrane.
Chemiosmosis
Movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, specifically the movement of H+ across a membrane which leads to the generation of ATP through celular respiration.
Anaerobic
Anything not requiring oxygen to occur or be alive. Anaerobic respiration is the oxidation of a molecule in the ABSCENSE of oxygen. Produces lactic acid.
