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AP Biology - Austin > Unit 1A Test Flashcards > Flashcards

Unit 1A Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the bond between a sugar and phosphate called? Where is it found?

A

1) Phosphodiester bond

2) Nucleic Acids

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2
Q

What is the bond between the amino group of one amino acid and carboxyl group of another acid called? Ionic or cov?

A

Peptide bond, covalent

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3
Q

What is the bond between two pentose sugars called?

A

Glycosidic bond

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4
Q

Bond between glycerol and 1 fatty acid chain is called…

A

… A peptide bond

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5
Q

4 types of organic molecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins

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6
Q

What qualities make Carbon so important in bio?

A

Can form four cov bonds and form long chains with H called hydrocarbons

C-C bond is very strong

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7
Q

Is C-H polar or nonpolar?

A

Nonpolar

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8
Q

Describe a dehydration rxn

A

A chemical rxn where monomers are joined together by a covalent chemical bond

MAKES H2O

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9
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Water is added to polymers to break them up into monomers

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10
Q

5 Props of Water

A

High heat capacity

High heat of evaporation

Solid water is less dense than liquid water

It is a universal solvent

Cohesion/adhesion

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11
Q

What are enzymes and what is their use?

A

Catalyst used to carry out and speed up hydrolysis and dehydration rxns

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12
Q

Carbohydrates:

1) Elements that compose them
2) Functions
3) Monomer/Polymer

A

1) CHO
2) short term nrg, building material
3) Monomer=monosacchride, Polymer=polysacchride

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13
Q

Define isomer

A

Molecules with same formula but diff formation of functional groups

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14
Q

What is a disacchride? Examples?

A

Two monosacchrides bonded by dehydration

Ex-lactose, sucrose

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15
Q

Difference between alpha and beta glucose

A

Functional group is on same side in alpha only

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16
Q

Polysacchride (what is it, give examples and their uses)

A

Polymer of monosacchrides

Chitin - in cell walls of fungi
Cellulose - cell walls in plants
Glycogen - nrg storage in animals
Starch - nrg storage in plants

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17
Q

Cellulose vs starch

A

Starch- alpha glucose molecs are bonded facing same way

Cellulose - beta glucose molecs are bonded in flipping directions, making luneat chains and MANY H BONDS

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18
Q

What is stronger bond wise? Starch or cellulose?

A

CELLULOSE

Linear chains produce many h-bonds

C-H bonds are also very strong

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19
Q

Main elements of lipids are…., and the ratio of H-O is always….

A

C H O

2:1

20
Q

Monomers of lipids

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

21
Q

Fat functions and examples

A

Long term neg storage, insulation

Ex - butter n lard

22
Q

Oil - functs and examples

A

Long term nrg in plants

Ex-cooking oils

23
Q

Phospholipids

A

Component of plasma membrane

Ex - food additive

24
Q

What manes up a phospholipid

A

A polar phosphate head and two fatty acid tails (sat and unsat fatty acid)

25
Q

Saturated v unsaturated fatty acid

A

Unsat- one or more bonds between Carbons and are liq at room temp

Sat-NO double bonds betweencarbins, solid at room temp

26
Q

Steroids

A

Plasma membrane
Sex hormone regulation
Ex- medications

27
Q

Waxes functions

A

Protects from water loss

28
Q

Triglycerides consist of ______ and _____ fatty acids.

A

Glycerol, 3

29
Q

Proteins: monomer and polymer

A

Amino acids, polypeptides

30
Q

Functions of proteins

A 
Metabolism via enzymes
Transportation in cells
Regulation (hormones)
Defense (antibodies)
Suplort (keratin/collage )
Motion (microtubules)
31
Q

What makes up an amino acid?

A

1) Amino group
2) R group
3) Carboxyl acidic group

32
Q

What kind of bond can be found in amino acids

A

Peptide bond

33
Q

What are polypeptides?

A

Long unfolded chains of amino acids

34
Q

Four steps of forming a protei

A

1) Primary - amino acids sequenced
2) Secondary - H bonding forms alpha helices and beta pleated sheets
3) Tertiary - proteins get 3D shape
4) Quaternary - two polypeps interact to fulfill a function

35
Q

Wrong folding of a protein results in what….

A

Disease

Prions

36
Q

What makes up a nucleotide?

A

Phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base

37
Q

What bond connects multiple nucleotides together?

A

Phosphodiester bond

38
Q

Examples of nucleic acids include

A

DNA

RNA

39
Q

Rna is used in _____ synthesis and regulates _____ expression

A

Protein

Gene

40
Q

What makes up atp

A

Adenine, ribose, three phosphates

41
Q

Does atp have high or low nrg? Why?

A

HIGH NRG - phosphate bonds break easily and, when broken, produce nrg

42
Q

After the hydrolysis of atp, the result is ____ .

A

ADP

43
Q

Summarize the principles of complimentary base pairs

A

Adenine + Thymine -> Bond with 3 H-bonds

Cytosine + Guanine -> Bond witn 2 H-bonds

44
Q

There are two kinds of nitrogenous bases. They are…

A

Pyrimidines and purines

45
Q

T or F - pyrimidines have three rings, hence pyramid.

A

False - they only have one ring

46
Q

Purines have ______ rings.

A

2

AP Biology - Austin (6 decks)

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