Vocab List - 11/8/2020 Flashcards
Semantics
The study of meaning in language
Speaker-reference
what the speaker is referring to by using some linguistic expression
Linguistic-reference
the systematic denotation of some linguistic expression as part of a language
Referent
an entity identified by the use of a referring expression such as a noun or noun phrase
Extension
the set of all potential referents for a referring expression
Prototype
typical member of the extension of a referring expression is a prototype of that expression
Stereotype
list of characteristics describing a prototype is said to be a stereotype
Coreference
two linguistic expressions that refer to the same real-world entity are said to be coreferential
Anaphora
linguistic expression that refers to another linguistic expression
Deixis
an expression that has one meaning but can refer to different entities depending on the speaker and his or her spatial and temporal orientation
Antonymy
two forms with opposite meanings
Gradable
antonyms that can be used in comparative constructions i.e. my smile is wider than yours.
Hyponymy
meaning of one form is included in the meaning of another
Homophony
two or more differently written forms have the same pronunciation but different meaning
Homography
two or more forms are the same only in writing but different in pronunciation and meaning
Homonymy
one form (written or spoken) has two or more unrelated meanings, but have the same pronunciation and spelling
Polysemy
one form (written or spoken) having multiple meanings which are all related by extension
Synonymy
two or more forms with very closely related meanings, which are often, but not always, exchangeable in sentence
Collocation
words which tend to occur with other words
Gradable
antonyms that can be used in comparative constructions i.e. my smile is wider than yours.
Non-Gradable
antonyms that are opposites that cannot be obtained together
Hyponymy
the meaning of one form is included in the meaning of another
Contradictory Sentences
a sentence which is necessarily false, because of the senses of the words in the sentence
Homophony
two or more differently written forms have the same pronunciation but different meaning
Homography
two or more forms are the same only in writing but different in pronunciation and meaning
Homonymy
one form (written or spoken) has two or more unrelated meanings, but have the same pronunciation and spelling
Polysemy
one form (written or spoken) having multiple meanings which are all related by extension
Metonymy
the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant
Collocation
words which tend to occur with other words
Synthetic Sentences
sentences that may be true or false depending upon how the world is
