Vocab List - 10/4/20 Flashcards

1
Q

affix

A

a grammatical element that is combined with a word, stem, or phrase to produce derived or inflected forms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

affixation

A

the process of adding a morpheme—or affix—to a word to create either a different form of that word or a new word with a different meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

agglutinating language

A

a language which has a morphological system in which words as a rule are polymorphemic and where each morpheme corresponds to a single lexical meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

allomorph

A

nondistinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

alternation

A

the phenomenon of a morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ambiguity

A

quality of language that makes speech or written text open to multiple interpretations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

analytic language

A

a language that primarily conveys relationships between words in sentences by way of helper words and word order, as opposed to utilizing inflections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bound morpheme

A

morphemes that cannot occur on their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bound root

A

a root which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

closed lexical category

A

the category of function words—parts of speech—that don’t readily accept new members. The closed classes in English include pronouns, determiners, conjunctions, and prepositions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

compounding

A

a word formation process based on the combination of lexical elements (words or stems)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

conjunction

A

function morpheme that serve to either tie elements together grammatically or express obligatory features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

content morpheme

A

a root that forms the semantic core of a major class word with lexical denotations that are not dependent on the context or on other morphemes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

content word

A

words that possess semantic content and contribute to the meaning of the sentence in which they occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

derivation

A

process of forming a new word from an existing word, often by adding a prefix or suffix, such as un- or -ness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

determiner

A

nominal syntactic category distinct both from adjectives and nouns, despite the close affinity among them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

form

A

a meaningful unit of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

free morpheme

A

morphemes that can occur as separate words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

functional morpheme

A

also sometimes referred to as functors, are building blocks for language acquisition

20
Q

function word

A

words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning and express grammatical relationships among other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker.

21
Q

fusional language

A

language in which one form of a morpheme can simultaneously encode several meanings

22
Q

hierarchical structure

A

combinations of the individual elements of human language organized in a hierarchical manner

23
Q

homophony

A

when a set of words are pronounced identically, but have different meanings

24
Q

incorporation

A

a phenomenon by which a grammatical category, such as a verb, forms a compound with its direct object (object incorporation) or adverbial modifier, while retaining its original syntactic function

25
infix
a word element (a type of affix) that can be inserted within the base form of a word—rather than at its beginning or end—to create a new word or intensify meaning
26
inflection
the change in the form of a word (in English, usually the addition of endings) to mark such distinctions as tense, person, number, gender, mood, voice, and case.
27
input
the exposure learners have to authentic language in use.
28
lexical category
a syntactic category for elements that are part of the lexicon of a language
29
lexicon
a language's inventory of lexemes
30
morpheme
the smallest meaningful unit in a language
31
morphology
the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language
32
open lexical category
a open category of syntactics where the new word and the original word belong to the same category. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs belong to this category
33
output
language that is produced, either in speaking or writing
34
partial reduplication
a reduplication of only part of the word
35
polysynthetic language
language that is highly synthetic , i.e. languages in which words are composed of many morphemes- these are highly inflected languages
36
prefix
an affix which is placed before the stem of a word
37
preposition
a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause
38
productive
the degree to which native speakers use a particular grammatical process, especially in word formation
39
pronoun
a word that takes the place of a noun
40
reduplication
a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word (or part of it) or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change.
41
reduplicant
reduplicated segment in a word resulting from a reduplication process
42
root
a word that does not have a prefix in front of the word or a suffix at the end of the word
43
simultaneous affix
affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word's stem; exists only in visual-gestural languages
44
stem
a part of a word used with slightly different meanings and would depend on the morphology of the language in question
45
suffix
an affix which is placed after the stem of a word
46
suppletion
the use of one word as the inflected form of another word when the two words are not cognate