Vocab For Test 1

Question 1

Nutrients

Answer 1

Compounds that can be broken down to release energy

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

Breakdown/build of components within the cell

Question 3

Growth

Answer 3

Getting more or bigger cells

Question 4

Development

Answer 4

Gets defined and refined characteristics

Question 5

Mitosis

Answer 5

Sexual reproduction for cell division

Question 6

Meiosis

Answer 6

Helps regenerate cells for sexual reproduction

Question 7

Taxonomy

Answer 7

Grouping species based on similar characteristics

Question 8

Prokaryotes

Answer 8

No nucleus, lack membranes, has nucleoid, mainly bacteria

Question 9

Eukaryotes

Answer 9

Nucleus, have internal membranes, animals, plants protists and fungi

Question 10

Genomics

Answer 10

Study of genes allowing us to study evolution

Question 11

Genome

Answer 11

All the genes needed to make an organism

Question 12

Proteomics

Answer 12

Study of proteins

Question 13

Proteome

Answer 13

Complete set of proteins that a cell can make based off its DNA

Question 14

Polar

Answer 14

Slightly charged portions of the molecule

Question 15

Non-polar

Answer 15

Equal sharing of electrons so no difference in charge throughout the molecule

Question 16

Solute

Answer 16

Anything that can dissolve in a liquid

Question 17

Solvent

Answer 17

Liquid in which things can be dissolved

Question 18

Solution

Answer 18

Solutes dissolved in slovents

Question 19

Hydrophilic

Answer 19

Water loving, charged or polar

Question 20

Hydrophobic

Answer 20

Water fearing, non-polar

Question 21

Amphipathic molecule

Answer 21

Molecules that have both polar and non-polar regions

Question 22

Concentration

Answer 22

Amount of solute (weight) dissolved in a specific amount (unit) volume of solution

Question 23

Dissociation of water

Answer 23

Where water molecule breaks apart into a hydroxyl ion and H ion

Question 24

Acids

Answer 24

Increase H and OH ratio in water. Donates H ions

Question 25

Bases

Answer 25

Decrease H and OH ratio in water

Question 26

Direct base

Answer 26

Releases OH

Question 27

Indirect base

Answer 27

Absorbs H

Question 28

Strong acid

Answer 28

Completely dissociates in water

Question 29

Weak acid

Answer 29

Some will remain intact. Some will dissociate

Question 30

pH

Answer 30

Measurement of H ions in concentration

Question 31

Monomer

Answer 31

Small organic molecules used to build macros

Question 32

Polymer

Answer 32

Many monomers bound together

Question 33

Hydrolysis

Answer 33

Breaking apart a bond between monomers by adding water

Question 34

Glycosidic bond

Answer 34

Special name for covalent bond between monosaccharides

Question 35

Multimeric protein

Answer 35

Needs multiple proteins to do something

Question 36

Phosphodiester bond

Answer 36

Bond between two nucleotides

Question 37

Ester bond

Answer 37

Between glycerol and fatty acid

Question 38

Surface area to volume ratio

Answer 38

Having a large surface area means more opportunities to exchange with the environment

Question 39

Condensation

Answer 39

When you loose a water molecule to form a new molecule

Question 40

Functional group

Answer 40

Group of atoms that are important for chemical reactions, mostly organic molecules

Question 41

Bicarbonate

Answer 41

Helps absorb extra H ions to decrease pH

Question 42

Carbon

Answer 42

Makes organic molecules, can make up to 4 covalent bonds