Chapter 11- DNA structure And Replication

Question 1

Functions of genetic material

Answer 1

Inform, transmit, replicate, vary (to make different species)

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

Structure in a cell containing genetic material. Made of DNA and proteins

Question 3

Transformation

Answer 3

Process by which a cell incorporates environmental genetic material and uses that information

Question 4

Nucleotides

Answer 4

Monomers, basic building blocks of DNA

Question 5

Strand

Answer 5

Many nucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds

Question 6

Double helix

Answer 6

Two strands of DNA held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 7

Chromosomes (structure)

Answer 7

Double helix segment of DNA wrapped around a protein

Question 8

Genome

Answer 8

Entire set of chromosomes for an organism

Question 9

Purines

Answer 9

Adenine and guanine

Question 10

Pyrimidines

Answer 10

Cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 11

Watson and crick

Answer 11

Used X-rays to see hydrogen bonds between strands, double helix, and purine-pyrimidine pairing

Question 12

Chargaff

Answer 12

Roughly equal amounts of A+T and G+C

Question 13

Griffith experiment

Answer 13

Saw that rough bacteria made mice live but heat killed smooth bacteria mixed with rough bacteria killed the mice

Question 14

Semi conservative replication

Answer 14

Each strand of a DNA molecule is used as a guide to synthesize its complementary copy

Question 15

Meselson and stahl

Answer 15

Grew cells in different nutrients to see that when placed in gel different bands are formed

Question 16

Bidirectional replication

Answer 16

As DNA unwinds replication occurs along both template strands in opposite directions

Question 17

DNA helicase

Answer 17

Strand separation

Question 18

Topoisomerase

Answer 18

Reduces DNA supercoiling

Question 19

Single stranded binding proteins

Answer 19

Helps keeps single strands apart

Question 20

DNA polymerase

Answer 20

Reads the template strand, recruits complementary nucleotides, forms phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides, removes and replaces primers

Question 21

Primase

Answer 21

Synthesizes RNA primer

Question 22

DNA ligase

Answer 22

Forms phosphodiester bonds between preexisting DNA segments

Question 23

3 factors of a nucleotide

Answer 23

Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base