VOCAB FOR FRI UNIT DNA Flashcards
The process of making a RNA copy of a DNA sequence
TransCription
RNA is converted into amino acids that make up protein
TransLation
Building block of proteins
Amino Acids
Made of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
Protein
A type of RNA molecule that helps decode a mRNA sequence into a protein
tRNA
Takes genetic info from DNA to proteins (TransCription, TransLation)
mRNA
An enzyme that is responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence
RNA Polymerase
A THREE base mRNA sequence that codes for ONE amino acid
Codon
A three-nucleotide sequence found on tRNA that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence.
Anticodon
A protein that uses DNA or RNA instructions to produce proteins
Ribosome
A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for proteins
Intron
A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that interrupts the sequence of genes
Intron
A region of the genome that ends up within an mRNA molecule
Extron
A genetic mutation caused by interception or deletions of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence.
Frameshift Mutation
A mutation in which a single nucleotide base is changed but that change does not affect the amino acid sequence
Silent Mutation
One of four bases in RNA
Pairs with adenine
Uracil
One of four bases in DNA
Pairs with adenine
Thymine
Most important part of biology
Central Dogma
DNA (transCription)-> RNA (transLation)-> Protein
Central Dogma
Contains the cells genetic material
Controls cells activities
Nucleus
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
Golgi Apparatus
Membrane enclosed sacks that transport molecules that cannot pass through a membrane on their own
Vesicle
