Vocab Chapter 14

Question 1

Civil Rights

Answer 1

Protection of historically disadvantaged groups from infringement of their equality rights by discriminatory action

Question 2

13th Amendment

Answer 2

Civil War amendment that specifically prohibited slavery in the U.S

Question 3

14th Amendment

Answer 3

Civil War amendment that provided all people with the privileges and immunitites of national citizenship; the guarantee of equal protection of the laws by any state; and the safeguard of due process to protect one’s life, liberty, and property from state government interference.

Question 4

15th Amendment

Answer 4

Civil War amendment that extended suffrage to former male slaves

Question 5

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 5

Legislation in the South that mandated racial segregation in public facilities such as restaurants and restrooms

Question 6

De Jure Segregation

Answer 6

Segregation mandated by law or decreed by government officials

Question 7

De Facto Segregation

Answer 7

Segregation that occurs because of past economic and social conditions such as residential racial patterns

Question 8

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 8

Historic legislation that prohibited racial segregation in public accommodations and racial discrimination in employment, education and voting

Question 9

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 9

Federal legislation that outlawed literacy tests and empowered federal officials to enter southern states to register black voter; the act dismantled the most significant barriers to black suffrage rights

Question 10

Rational Basis Test

Answer 10

Equal protection test used by the Supreme Court that requires a complainant to prove that the use of a classification such as age, gender, or race is not a reasonable means of achieving a legitimate government objective

Question 11

Intermediate Scrutiny Test

Answer 11

Equal protection test used by the Supreme Court that requires the government to prove that the use of classification such as age, gender, or race is substantially related to an important government objective

Question 12

Strict Scrutiny Test

Answer 12

Equal protection test used by the Supreme Court that places the greatest burden of proof on the government to prove that classifications such as age, gender, or race are the least restrictive means to achieve a compelling government goal

Question 13

Affirmative Action

Answer 13

Programs that attempt to provide members of disadvantaged groups with enhanced opportunities to secure jobs, promotions, and admission to educations institutions

Question 14

Regents of the University of California Vs Bakke

Answer 14

The 1978 Supreme Court case that declared unconstitutional the use of racial quotas to achieve a diverse student body but allowed the use of race as one of many factors in admissions decisions

Question 15

Reverse Discrimination

Answer 15

Argument that the use of race as a factor in affirmative action programs constitutes unconstitutional discrimination against the majority population

Question 16

Koremastu Vs United States

Answer 16

The 1944 Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of the U.S government’s internment of more than a hundred thousand Americans of Japanese descent during WWII

Question 17

Homophobia

Answer 17

Irrational fear and hatred directed toward persons who are homosexual

Question 18

Civil Union

Answer 18

Legal recognition by a state of a gay or lesbian relationship; allows gays and lesbian couples to receive the same sate benefits as heterosexual married couples

Question 19

Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 19

The proposed constitutional amendment that would have prohibited national and state governments from denying equal rights on the basis of sex

Question 20

Comparable Worth

Answer 20

The notion that individuals performing different jobs that require the same amount of knowledge, effort, skill, responsibility and working conditions should receive equal pay; the proposal would elevate the pay structure many jobs traditionally performed by women

Question 21

Sexual Harassement

Answer 21

The practice of awarding jobs or job benefits in exchange for sexual favors or the creation of a hostile work or education environment by unwarranted sexual advances or sexual conversation

Question 22

Civil Rights Movement

Answer 22

The litigation and mobilization activities of blacks in the second half of the 20th century that led to greater realization of equality for all disadvantaged groups