VL zu Adaptation

Question 1

What are the differences now regarding dealing with disasters compared to the past? (two points)

Answer 1

• rising costs due to disasters
• decreasing number of deaths related to disasters

Question 2

What is Adaptation?

Answer 2

Adaptation is defined as the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects in order to moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities.

Question 3

What are the 7 analytical perspectives on adaptation?

Answer 3

1. Forms and Focus of Adaptation
2. Temporal perspectives (reactive, anticipatory)
3. adaptation as public policy
4. Justice and equality
5. Drivers of Adaptation
6. Maladaptation
7. Adaptation and Development

Question 4

1. Analytical perspective: Focus and forms of adaptation. What does it mean?

Answer 4

refers to the development of characteristics that enable an organism or system to cope with environmental changes in order to survive and reproduce

Question 5

2. analytical perspective: Temporal perspectives. What does it mean?

Answer 5

• reactive perspective (after initial impacts of climate change became manifest)
• anticipatory perspective (before)

Question 6

3. analytical perspective: Adaptation as public policy. What does the term NATO regarding policy instruments mean? (not the organization)

Answer 6

Nodality: provide informations to support an action
Authority: use of power of the state to permit, prohibit or command
Treasury: use public funds to produce public goods etc.; costs for undesirable behavior
Organization: use government resources to implement policy

Question 7

4. analytical perspective: Justice and equality. What does it mean?

Answer 7

The most vulnerable groups are the most affected by climate change (globally and locally) –> uneven distribution of impacts and uneven ability of adaptation

Question 8

5. analytical perspective: Drivers of Adaptation. Who are these?

Answer 8

• Governments
• Finance
• Knowledge
• catalyzing events: window of opportunity, urgency

Question 9

6. analytical perspective: Maladptation. What does it mean?

Answer 9

Adaptation leading to create conditions that worsen the situation (infrastrucutre, institutional, behavioral)

Question 10

7. analytical perspective: Development and Adaptation. What are the two effects (theory)?

Answer 10

demand effect: If adaptation is needed for economic growth, rich countries will demand more of it.
supply effect: Countries with lots of assets have a positive effect on adaptation

Question 11

What does the SMHI do?

Answer 11

It delivers climate informations and monitors the funding for the CCA
focus on 4 dimensions of adaptation:
- procedual (decision process ensure transparency, accountability and diversity)
- recognitional (adaptation needs are different across groups)
- restorative (compensate for the diverging impacts of climate change)
- distributive (equal and fair distribution of costs and benefits)