Torney - Follow the leader

Question 1

When is it more likely that a leader-follower relationship appears?

Answer 1

When leader and follower are in the same category (f. ex. states)

Question 2

What are the 4 pathways through which followership can materalize?

Answer 2

logic of consequences: coercion and incentives
→ followers are induced to follow by the structural/economic power of the leader, because the leader provides material incentives that alter the follower’s cost-benefit calculations

logic of appropriateness:
→ learning (followers sees the provided model as effective)
and persuasion (followers accept the framing of the leader)

Question 3

When did the EU use these 4 pathways?

Answer 3

• limited ability using coercion
• incentives in agreements with third states
• learning: EU ETS and China; Copenhagen failed because of normative gap
• persuasion: High Ambition Coalition