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ENDO > Viva > Flashcards

Viva Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of pulp canal sealer

A

Powder: zinc oxide, precipitated silver, oleo resin, thymol iodide
Liquid: oil of cloves , Canada balsam

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2
Q

What are the components of tubliseal?

A

Base: zinc oxide, bismuth trioxide, oil, thymol iodide, barium sulfate
Catalyst: eugenol, resin, annidalin

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3
Q

What is the chemistry behind zinc oxide sealers ?

A

Zinc oxide powder and eugenol when placed into moist root dentine a gel is formed and residual zino oxide powder remains in the gel causing it to set rigidly

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4
Q

What is the down side with PCS?

A

Contains silver which can stain teeth

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5
Q

What type of sealer does MTA belong to?

A

Bio ceramic / tri calcium silicate

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6
Q

What are the ceramic powders of MTA called ?

A

Tricalcium silicate
Dicalcium silicate

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7
Q

What ions are released for the tri and di calcium silicates ?

A

Ca and OH

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8
Q

Why is MTA said to be bio active?

A

Because the release of Ca and OH allowed hydroxyapatite crystals to form on the surface in contact with the body fluids

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9
Q

What was the first MTA product to be released and it’s use?

A

ProRoot MTA Gray by Dentsply
Root end fillings/perforation repair NOT sealer

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10
Q

What is the chemistry behind bioceramic sealers ?

A

Tri and di calcium silicate + water = colloidal matrix embedded with CaOH and these are continuously released after setting

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11
Q

Approx how long after setting is CaOH released from MTA?

A

1 month

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12
Q

Is MTA hydrophobic or hydrophilic ?

A

Hydrophilic

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13
Q

What is the pH of MTA on mixing ?

A

10.2

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14
Q

What is the pH of MTA on setting ?

A

12.5

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15
Q

Name a MTA sealer ?

A

Total fill

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16
Q

List the generations of apex locators and how they function

A

Gen 1: resistance method by measuring opposition to the flow of DC
Gen 2: impedance method measuring opposition to flow of AC
Gen 3: frequency based using two frequencies to measure impedance
Gen 4: multi frequency to measure impedance eg Morita
Gen 5: propex 2 multi frequency by measuring the energy of the signal

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17
Q

When did the Krasner and Rankow pulp chamber floor laws come in?

A

2004

18
Q

How many teeth were examined for the krasner and rankow 2004 laws?

A

500 permanent teeth with equal distribution between: maxillary mandibular anteriors premolars and molars
Unrestored and restored

19
Q

What are the pulp chamber location ?

A

Law of CEJ: CEJ is repeatable landmark for pulp chamber
Law of centrality : always in centre of the tooth
Law of concentricity: pulp chamber walls concentric to external tooth surface

20
Q

With regards to pulp chamber floor anatomy what are the laws ?

A

Symmetry 1: canal orifice equidistant from centrally placed MD line
Symmery 2: canal orifice are perpendicular to MD line across centre of pulp floor
Law of colour change: floor always darker than walls
Orifices are located : at the junction between the floor and wall and the angles of the floor-wall junction and at terminus of root fusion lines

21
Q

Biodentine when first came out was designed for what use?

A

Dentine replacement

22
Q

What uses does Biodentine have other than dentine replacement?

A

Repair perforations
Liner
Apexification
Retrograde root filling
Resorption lesions

23
Q

Why is Biodentine faster at setting than MTA?

A

-Tricalcium silicate grains are smaller in Biodentine
-calcium chloride in the liquid of Biodentine

24
Q

What are the downsides of MTA and Biodentine ?

A

The pro longed release of CaOH reduce flexural strength

25
Q

What other term is synonymous with pulp stones ?

A

Dystrophic calcification

26
Q

What tooth structure composition do pulp stones resemble ?

A

Dentine

27
Q

Where are pulp stones typically found.?

A

Canal orifice

28
Q

What is a true pulp stone ?

A

Stones found close to the apex with tubules surrounded by odontoblast like cells

29
Q

What is the difference between a free and attached pulp stone?

A

Free - surrounded by soft tissues
Attached- united to the dentine or secondary dentine is deposited around the stone

30
Q

What are pulp stones ?

A

Foci of calcification.

31
Q

What is different between pulpal sclerosis and pulp stones ?

A

Sclerosis is a diffuse process and only occurs in dentinal tubules

32
Q

What is thought to be a cause of pulp stones?

A

Unknown but related to stimulation of mesenchymal cells by growth factors to undergo odontogensis

33
Q

What are the two shapes pulp stones usually take on?

A

Smooth laminations - coronal
Irregular - radicular pulp

34
Q

How do coronal/smooth pulp stones grow?

A

Addition of collagen fibres to the surface

35
Q

How do radicular / rough pulp stones form?

A

Calcification of existing collagen fibre bundles
They appear rough because the mineralisation front extends along the coarse fibres

36
Q

What is the cause of pulp stones ?

A

Unknown but may occur around degenerating blood thrombi / collagen/ degenerating cells

37
Q

What percentage of luxated teeth with calcific metamorphosis has secondary infection?

A

7%
Andreasan

38
Q

Name a paper which refers to calcified mass extraradiculr

A

Riccuci et al 2005
Harn et al 1998

39
Q

How can extra radicular calculus deposits form?

A
  1. Originated from the sulcus ( more likely if margins alveolar bone not intact)
  2. Periapical biofilm at the root surface and calcification may occur due to minerals from GCF or exudate
40
Q

What bacteria are implied in extraradicular biofilm?

A

-Chromogenic as often it is stained
-Actinomyces species (gram positive filamentous)
-also found filamentous and cocci bacteria

41
Q

Neuropathic pain mechanism

A

Peripherally:
increase in the expression or activity of voltage gated sodium and calcium channels which will support action potential generation.
-decrease in potassium channels which would normally oppose action potential generation.
-Increase in excitability, which may allow endogenous stimuli to cause spontaneous pain

42
Q

What is neuropathic pain?

A

caused by damage or disease affecting the somatosensory system.
-associated with dysaaethsia abnormal sensations or
-pain from normally non-painful stimuli (allodynia). It may have continuous and/or episodic (paroxysmal) components

ENDO (22 decks)

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