Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physio Final > Vitreous > Flashcards

Vitreous Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest ocular organ?

A

The vitreous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the vitreous in contact with?

A

Ciliary body, lens, retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The vitreous is ____% water. In regards to state, it is also ___% gel and ___% liquid.

A

98.5% water

80% gel and 20% liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of collagen forms the sieve of the vitreous?

A

Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do Halocytes do?

A

Phagocytes - synthesis of collagen and glycoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do Fibrocytes do?

A

Synthesize collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Together, Fibrocytes and glial cells form ___% of the cell population

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do VEGF molecules do?

A

Induce vasculogenesis (formation of new blood vessels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The primary vitreous occurs in the first _______ weeks of gestation. ______ cells enter through fetal fissure and form hyaloid vessels. ______ released by lens induces vasculogenesis. _____ and _____ form collagen.

A

The primary vitreous occurs 3-4 weeks gestation. Mesodermal cells enter through fetal fissure and form hyaloid vessels. VEGF release by lens induces vasculogenesis. fibroblasts and halocytes form collagen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The secondary vitreous occurs around the ______ week of gestation. ________ factor present. _____ vessels retract. Then the ______ is formed.

A

The secondary vitreous occurs around the 6th week of gestation. Anti-angiogenesis factor present. Hyaloid vessels retract. Then the Vitreous body is formed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens in the tertiary vitreous?

A

Formation of lens zonules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the four anatomical regions of the Vitreous?

A
  1. Cortex
  2. Base
  3. Patellar Fossa
  4. Canal of Cloquet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In the cortex of the vitreous, the average thickness is _______. There is no cortex over the ____ and it thins over the ______.

A

In the cortex of the vitreous, the average thickness is 200 micrometers. There is no cortex over the disc and it thins over the macula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The vitreous base is attached to the _______. It has a ______ broad annular region and is attached to the _______. While it has strong _______ fibers, it has weak _____ fibers.

A

The vitreous base is attached to the pars plana. It has a 1.5 mm broad annular region and is attached to the inner limiting membrane. While it has strong perpendicular fibers, it has weak radial fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The Patellar Fossa can be located at the _____ and is associated with the _______ and the ______.

A

The Patellar Fossa can be located at the posterior surface of lens and is associated with the retrolental space of Berger and the Ligament of Wieger.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the pneumonic to remember the vitreous attachments?

A 
Big - Vitreous Base
Lions - Ligament of Wieger
Often - Optic Nerve
Pick - Peripheral Attachment
Fights - Fovea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the ECM “glue” in the eye?

A

Between the internal limiting membrane and the posterior vitreous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens to the vitreous as you age? (in regards to liquidation)

A

At birth, the vitreous is completely gel. As we age, the vitreous slowly turns to liquid. At age 65, it is 60% liquid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is synchisis?

A

Vitreous liquification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is syneresis?

A

Vitreous collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a Signet Ring Floater? (Weiss ring)

A

Detachment at the Optic Nerve. Creates a “floater” 20 degrees in the temporal visual field.

22
Q

What happens in Posterior Vitreal Detachment (PVD)?

A

The cortical vitreous separates from the inner limiting layer of the retina due to the formation of “lakes” in the vitreous.

23
Q

The sequence of events of PVD is:

  1. ______
  2. Hole develops in the _______
  3. Vitreal fluid passes into the _______
  4. Detaches vitreous from the _____ of retina
  5. Spreads to posterior border of ______
A

The sequence of events of PVD is:

  1. synchysis
  2. Hole develops in the posterior vitreal cortex
  3. Vitreal fluid passes into the retrohyaloid space
  4. Detaches vitreous from the ILM of retina
  5. Spreads to posterior border of vitreous base
24
Q

What is characteristic of a Weiss Ring?

A

Ring shaped opacity

25
Q

What is characteristic of condensation of collagen fibers?

A

Cobwebs

26
Q

What is characteristic of a vitreal hemorrhage?

A

Shower of minute red spots

27
Q

What are the functions of the vitreous?

A
  1. Support for the retina
  2. Metabolism
  3. Transparency
28
Q

Oxygen tension is lowest in the ____ of vitreous

A

center

29
Q

In vitreous metabolism, diffusion has a _____ speed and moves in ______ directions

A

In vitreous metabolism, diffusion has a slow speed and moves in all directions

30
Q

Substances in the _____ have trouble moving across vitreous, which prevents topically administered substances from reaching the ____. This prevents substances such as alcohol from reaching the _____

A

Substances in the anterior chamber have trouble moving across vitreous, which prevents topically administered substances from reaching the retina. This prevents substances such as alcohol from reaching the vitreous center

31
Q

What is bulk flow?

A

Movement of water and solutes towards retina due to a pressure gradient from anterior part.

32
Q

In a metabolic buffer, solutes move into the vitreous and become more _____. This creates a reservoir for _____ and metabolic metabolism

A

In a metabolic buffer, solutes move into the vitreous and become more diluted. This creates a reservoir for ciliary body and metabolic metabolism

33
Q

how does the vitreous establish transparency?

A

An ordered GAG configuration and a low concentration of structural macromolecules and soluble proteins

34
Q

How is the blood/vitreous barrier formed?

A

Tight junctions in ciliary epithelium, RPE, and endothelial blood vessels of the iris

35
Q

What are the two classifications of retinal detachments? Which is more common?

A
  1. Rhegmatogenous - most common

2. Non-rhegmatogenous

36
Q

What are the two types of non-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment?

A
  1. Tractional

2. Exudative

37
Q

In rhegmatogenous retinal detachments, ___% of eyes have strong vitreal attachments, retinals tears from with ____, and there is a possibility of ____ _____.

A

In rhegmatogenous retinal detachments, 10% of eyes have strong vitreal attachments, retinals tears from with traction, and there is a possibility of vitreous hemorrhages.

38
Q

The vitreous transmit __% of light

A

90%

39
Q

What is the ligament of Wiger?

A

Site where the vitreous attaches to the lens

40
Q

Why does the vitreous liquify with age?

A

An increase in randomness of arrangement of collagen fibers that leave spaces open to fill with fluid.

41
Q

What is the cause of syneresis?

A

Eye growth as patients age

42
Q

What are the two risk factors of syneresis?

A
  1. Large myopia

2. Age (eye growth)

43
Q

True/False. A 10D 10 year old myopic child is more at risk for syneresis than an emmetropic 60 year old patient.

A

TRUE

44
Q

What is the definition of a floater?

A

Moving vitreous opacities that are perceived when they cause a shadow on the retina

45
Q

What are the two main structural supports of the lens?

A
  1. Zonules

2. Vitreous (cushion)

46
Q

What is present in the vitreous that serves as an anti-oxidant reserve?

A

Vitamin C

47
Q

Which is more dangerous: tears or holes in the retina?

A

Tears

48
Q

Which is more dangerous: holes in the superior retina or inferior retina? Why?

A

Superior retina because of gravity.

49
Q

What percent of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments are bilateral?

A

15%

50
Q

Define aphakia

A

Absence of the lens in the eye

51
Q

Why are aphakes at an increased risk of attachment?

A

increased size of the posterior chamber which provides

Anatomy and Physio Final (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions