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Anatomy and Physio Final > Limbus and Uvea > Flashcards

Limbus and Uvea Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functions of the limbus?

A
  1. Nourish peripheral cornea
  2. Outflow for aqueous humor
  3. Corneal epithelium regeneration
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2
Q

How does the aqueous flow into venous blood?

A
  1. Canal of Schlemm

2. Uveoscleral Outflow (Vortex Veins)

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3
Q

How many collector channels drain into Schlemm’s canal?

A

25-35

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4
Q

What are the three main properties of the Uvea?

A
  1. Highly vascular
  2. Richly innervated
  3. Regional specialization
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5
Q

What are the three ciliary body functions? (Triple A)

A
  1. Aqueous Humor Formation
  2. Accommodation
  3. Absorption of Light
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6
Q

What are the functions of the Iris?

A
  1. Illumination control
  2. Aperture control for focus
  3. Aberration control
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7
Q

as the cornea transitions into the sclera some of the layers in the cornea disappear while others continue on into the sclera

A

modified corneal layers

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8
Q

at the limbus there is modification of the endothelium to produce…
hint: the aqueous fluid drains through this

A

trabelcular meshwork

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9
Q

a blockage in the meshwork would prevent adequate aqueous outflow and result in an increased IOP and result in…

A

glaucoma

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10
Q

after passing through the trabecular meshwork, aqueous is transported into the…

A

schlemm’s canal

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11
Q

stem cells play a major role in maintaining the transparency of the cornea as a result of….

A

regeneration of epithelial cells

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12
Q

the region that lies anteror to the lens, between the iris and the endothelium of the cornea

A

anterior chamber

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13
Q

the region that surrounds the lens btwn the ant surface of the vitreous and the post surface of the iris

A

posterior chamber

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14
Q

the region between the iris and the corneal endothelium that is line w/ the trabecular meshwork

A

the angle

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15
Q

the boundary btwn the cornea and the sclera. extends through the depth of the cornea

A

corneal scleral limbus

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16
Q

the limbus is supplied by the….

A

ant ciliary artery and long post ciliary artery

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17
Q

stem cell division increases with _______ stress

A

corneal

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18
Q

loss of _______ leads to permanent damage to limbal and corneal epithelium

A

limbal epithelium

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19
Q

which nerves carry the nerves at the limbus

A

long and short ciliary nerves

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20
Q

what branch of CN are the nerves at the limbus branches of

A

ophthalmic division of CN 5

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21
Q

the nerves at the limbus travel through ______ and the ______ aspect of the ciliary body

A

suprachoroid

superior

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22
Q

the nerves at the limbus traverse approx ____ of the cornea

A

2/3

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23
Q

the nerves form two branches: one in the _____ which is the most dense, and one in the _____

A

epithelium

stroma

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24
Q

which cell layer are the epithelial nerves found

A

basal cell layer but some single branches extend to the squamous cell layer

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25
Q

when do the nerves at the limbus lose myelin sheath

A

about 1.5mm entry into the cornea

26
Q

the stem cells at the limbus are … (3 things)

A
  1. basal cell layer
  2. daughter cells (transient amplifying cells)
    3 form basal ep cells
27
Q
  1. daughter cells migrate from basal epithelial cells to _______
  2. cells move from ______ to cornea
  3. _____ of surface cells

this is called the _________ of renewal

A
  1. surface epithelium
  2. conjunctiva
  3. desquamation

xyz method

28
Q

changes in the epithelium at the limbus

  1. becomes ______
  2. less _____
  3. incrase in ____ cells
  4. _______ are smaller and more dense
  5. _____ becomes undulating
  6. LESS _____
A
  1. thicker
  2. uniform
  3. wing
  4. basal cells
  5. basement membrane
  6. transparent
29
Q

changes in bowman’s membrane at the limbus

  1. stops at ______
  2. demarcates limit of _____-
A
  1. peripheral cornea

2. anterior cornea

30
Q

nerves that pass from stroma to epithelium

A

ramus perforans

31
Q

changes in the stroma at the limbus

  1. corneal stroma is continuous w/ ______
  2. loses regularity of ______
  3. variation in _______ spacing
  4. increasing variation in _______
  5. LESS ______
A
  1. scleral stroma
  2. lamellae
  3. fiber
  4. fiber diamter
  5. transparency
32
Q

changes in descemet’s membrane at limbus

  1. _______ in the limbus or sclera
  2. extremem limit of descemet’s membrane is marked by a ring called ______
A
  1. not found

2. “schwalbe’s ring”

33
Q

changes in the endothelium at the limbus

  1. continues with _____
  2. forms the _______ layer and lines the _____
  3. ______ forms the trabecular meshwork
  4. _________: endothelial layer present in lumen of trabecular meshowrk (aggressive glaucoma)
A
  1. cornea
  2. trabecular endothelial layer
    angle
  3. modified endothelium
  4. chandler’s syndrome
34
Q

a complete trabeuclar endothelial layer is found in ______ but not primates

A

rabbits

35
Q

where is the canal of schlemm found

A

the corneoscleral junction

36
Q

the canal of schlemm is an _______ channel

A

annular

37
Q

how many mm in diameter is the canal of schlemm

A

0.3mm

38
Q

what kind of cells line the canal of schlemm

A

endothelial cells

39
Q

aqueous is drained into the canal of schlemm from the ______ via the ______

A

anterior chamber

trabecular meshwork

40
Q

T or F: the canal of schlemm is a vein

A

fucking false motherfucker theres no fucking valves

41
Q

a annular structure in the human eye, a protrusion of the sclera into the anterior chamber

A

scleral spur

42
Q

the filtration angle has its apex at the ______, base at the _____, and attachment of the ______, and divided into ____ regions

A

schwalbe’s ring
scleral spur
ciliary muscles
3

43
Q

the trabecular meshwork is divided up into 2 parts:

A

a uveal and corneosclearal part

44
Q

the uveal:

  1. ____ meshwork
  2. forms ______
  3. _____ passages
A
  1. inner
  2. cords (in cross-section)
  3. wide
45
Q

corneoscleral:
1. _____ part
2. _____ to uveal part
3. forms ______
4. numerous ______
5. resistance to _____

A
  1. largest
  2. external
  3. flattened sheets
  4. pores
  5. outflow
46
Q

the greatest resistance to outflow is found in the …

A

trabecular meshowrk

47
Q

the wall of canal of schlemm produces a resistance of ___ % of total ressistance

A

5%

48
Q

the region separting the endothelial lining of the canal of schlemm and the corneoscleral meshwork is called the….

A

cribiform layer or the jutacanalicular tissue

49
Q

the connection btwn canal of schlemm and ant chamber is called the…

A

canals of sondermann

50
Q

there are no canals in the canal of sondermann, just ______. this incrases the _____ of the canal

A

spaces

surface area

51
Q

aqueous flow into canal of schlemm

  1. canal is lined w/ ______ cells w/ ____ junctions
  2. _______transport aqueous into canal (main)
  3. what kind of transport
  4. _____ diffusion
  5. driven by _____ pressure gradient
A
  1. endothelial cells w/ tight junctions
  2. giant vacuoles
  3. active transport (v. small)
  4. passive diffusion (small)
  5. IOP pressure gradient
52
Q

large vacuoles form on the _____ side of the endothelial cells that are called ____ vacuoles

A

basal

giant

53
Q

the vacuoles burst on the _____ side emptying its contents into the canal of ____

A

apical

schlemm

54
Q

the small amount of fluid moved by active transport via ______ is way fucking small compared to those big ass giant vacuoles

A

active transport

55
Q

the path of aqueous outflow is through the

1. or 2.

A
  1. canal of schlemm

2 uveoscleral outflow (vortex veins)

56
Q

wehre are the collector channels located on

A

external wall of schlemm’s canal

57
Q

the collector channels empty into the _______ or the _____ veins and eventually flows into the ________ veins

A

deep scleral venous plexus
aqueous veins
episcleral veins

58
Q

aqueous flow through the uveoscleral outflow

  1. passively drains _____ %
  2. ____ resistance
  3. _____ reduction w/ age
  4. prostaglandins reduce ______ (affect permeability w/in ciliary body)
A
  1. 5-35%
  2. no
  3. modest
  4. IOP
59
Q

aqueous flow is derived from plasma in _______

A

ciliary body processes

60
Q

aqueous flow flows around the ____ into the _____

A

lens

anterior chamber

61
Q

aqueous flow passes out through the trabecular meshwork through the ___________ and _____
OR
into _____ tissue surround ciliary muscle

A

canal of schlemm and collector channels
OR
connective

62
Q

aqueous flow returns to blood vessels via

1. or 2.

A
  1. aqueous veins/episcleral veins

2. choroidal vessels

Anatomy and Physio Final (9 decks)

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