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Introductory Sommelier > Viticulture > Flashcards

Viticulture Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What are the “Factors of Production”

A 
Location/Geography
Climate
Topography/Aspect
Soil
Grape varieties planted
Viticultural practices
Vinification practices
Harvest
Yearly weather/vintage variation
Terrior
Regional Wine Laws
Historical Background
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2
Q

What is Viticulture?

A

Viticulture is the art - and science - of vine growing.

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3
Q

What is the most important thing climate determines in viticulture?

A

Wine style

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4
Q

Most vine growing occurs between which latitudes?

A

30 degrees - 50 degrees

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5
Q

Climate of an entire wine region

A

Macroclimate

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6
Q

Climate of a particular vineyard

A

Mesoclimate

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7
Q

Climate of a single row of vines

A

Microclimate

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8
Q

Cool climate characterized by strong annual variation in temperature due to the lack of proximity to significant bodies of water.

A

Continental

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9
Q

Moderate climate influenced by a large body of water

A

Maritime

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10
Q

Warm climate with hot dry summers aside from the immediate coastal areas.

A

Mediterranean

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11
Q

Hot climate with high daytime temperatures and dramatic drops overnight

A

High Desert

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12
Q

The difference between average daytime high and nighttime low temperatures

A

Diurnal Shifts

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13
Q

Sunshine hours

A

The number of sunshine hours a region or winery receives in a given year or growing season

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14
Q

Frost, freeze, hail and strong winds are examples of

A

Climate threats

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15
Q

Climate moderators

A

Bodies of Water
Mountains
Altitude/Elevation
Wind

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16
Q

What is “Rain Shadow”?

A

A dry area on one side of a mountain opposite the wind, rain and poor weather.

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17
Q

How much rise in elevation will cause a temperature drop of 1 degree?

A

100 meters

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18
Q

This climate moderator can either cool or warm a growing area.

A

Wind

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19
Q

Benefits to steep hillside topography

A

Better drainage of soil and lower chance of frost

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20
Q

Drawbacks of steep hillside topography

A

Soil is less fertile due to erosion & vines are more difficult to harvest and maintain

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21
Q

Valley floors have fertile soils but are susceptible to this climate threat

A

Frost

22
Q

What is the aspect of a slope?

A

The direction it faces with regards to the sun

23
Q

Important properties of soil

A

Drainage
Water retention
Sun reflection

24
Q

Types of soil

A 
Granite
Limestone/chalk
Marl
Schist
Clay
Sand
Silt
Gravel
25
Q

Grape skins contribute what to wine?

A

Tannins, color and flavor

26
Q

Pulp contributes what to wine?

A

Water, sugar, acids and seeds

27
Q

Genus of wine grapes

A

Vitis

28
Q

Most common species of wine grape with over 10,000 varieties.

A

Vitis vinifera

29
Q

Viticultural propogation is

A

Grape vine breeding

30
Q

Vines of two or more different species combined to create a new variety

A

Hybrid

31
Q

Vines of the same species combined to create a new variety

A

Cross

32
Q

Identical genetic reproductions of a single vine

A

Clone

33
Q

Cool climate impact on wine

A 
Grapes ripen more slowly and moderately
Less sugar produced
Acidity remains high
Less alcohol potential
Flavors are more tart and lean
34
Q

Warm climate impact on wine

A 
Grapes ripen fully
More sugar is produced
Acidity is lower
Higher alcohol potential
Flavors are more ripe, lush and juicy
35
Q

How vines in the vineyard are laid out

A

Vineyard architecture

36
Q

How are vines managed to control production of grapes, leaves and wood?

A

Vine training

37
Q

How is yield measured per acre?

A

Tons of grapes

38
Q

How is yield measured per hectare?

A

Hectoliters

39
Q

How is yield measured per vine?

A

Pounds or kilos

40
Q

What is a green harvest?

A

A crop thinning method of dropping or cutting unripe clusters off the vine before harvest.

41
Q

What is the benefit of a green harvest?

A

The vine can focus it’s energy and nutrients into fewer, higher quality clusters.

42
Q

Managing the growth of vines to allow optimal sunlight and airflow

A

Canopy management

43
Q

Providing the vine with water

A

Irrigation

44
Q

What is Phylloxera?

A

This is a vine louse that destroyed a third of the world’s vines beginning in the late 1800s. It was one of the greatest threats to wine production in history.

45
Q

Chemicals or organic matter added to the soil to improve the nutrition it provides to the vines.

A

Fertilizer

46
Q

What is harvest?

A

When and how grapes are picked from the vines.

47
Q

Ways to determine grape maturity

A

Sugar ripeness
Physiological Ripeness
Tannin Ripeness

48
Q

Name three positive effects of wind in a vineyard.

A

Cooling, Warming, Drying

49
Q

Name three wine regions of the world that are affected by rain shadows.

A

Alsace
Columbia Valley
Piedmont
Yakima Valley

50
Q

What is terroir?

A

Terroir is the entire set of factors that influence the development of the vine’s fruit and the characteristics the fruit will show once vinified.

Introductory Sommelier (24 decks)

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