Vitamins Required for Oral Soft Tissues and Salivary Glands Flashcards
What are some reasons the oral cavity can reflect systemic disease before other signs and symptoms become evident?
- It has a rapid cellular turnout rate
- It is under constant assault by microorganisms
- It is a trauma-intense environment
What are the 5 functions of thiamin/B1?
- Energy transformation through the Kerbs cycle
- Membrane and nerve conditioning, crucial for normal functioning of the brain, muscles, and heart
- Coenzyme is synthesis of niacin
Required for metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats - Is a constituent of enzymes that degrade sucrose and organic acids that can ultimately dissolve enamel
What is a coenzyme of niacin?
Thiamin/B1
When are Thiamin/B1 deficiencies seen?
Not seen much in the US due to enriched grains, but is seen in alcoholics
What can a short term deficiency of Thiamin/B1 cause?
Short term deficiency can cause patients to become depressed, irritable, anorexic, fatigued, and unable to concentrate
What causes Beriberi?
Thiamin/B1 deficiency causes peripheral neuropathy and muscle wasting, cardiovascular symptoms include tachycardia and enlarged heart
What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Thiamin/B1 associated with alcoholism, mental confusion, nystagmus, and ataxia
What are Thiamin/B1 sources?
- Pork is the best source
- Whole grains, enriched breads and cereals
- Egg yolks
- Nuts
- Legumes
- Lean meat and poultry
What are the oral health consideration of Thiamin/B1?
Glossitis
What are the 2 functions of Riboflavin/B2?
- Involved in energy metabolism
- Conversion of tryptophan to niacin
What are the symptoms of Riboflavin/B2?
- Burning and itching of the eyes
- Loss of visual acuity
- Dermatitis
- Anemia
What are the sources of Riboflavin/B2?
- Milk, cheddar cheese, cottage cheese
- Fortified breads and cereals
- Lean meat, poultry, and fish
- Leafy green vegetables
What are the oral health considerations for a Riboflavin/B2?
Glossitis and bilateral angular cheilitis
What are the 2 functions for Niacin/B3?
- Coenzyme in energy metabolism from carbs
- Fat, protein metabolism
What is a Niacin/B3 deficiency?
Doses of 50mg or more function as vasodilators, results in flushing, nausea, tachycardia, itching, fainting, and blurred vision
Can the body store Niacin/B3?
Body can store some niacin, so larger doses associated with supplements may lead to problems, including abnormal liver function and gout
What disease is associated with a Niacin/B3 deficiency? What are the symptoms?
Pellagra, dermatitis, diarrhea, depression/dementia, and death
What are the oral health consideration for Pellagra?
Scarlet glossitis, ulcerations, and gingival inflammation
What are the two functions of patothenic acid/B5?
- Metabolism of carbs, fat, and protein
- Part of coenzyme A
What is a patothenic acid/B5 deficiency and what are the symptoms?
- Results in dysfunctional lipid synthesis and energy production
- Burning sensations of the feet, depression, fatigue, insomnia, and weakness
What are sources of patothenic acid/B5?
- Animal sources, whole grains
- Bacteria in the GI tract also produce B5
What are the oral health considerations of a patothenic acid/B5 deficiency?
May impair healing of oral tissue
