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Nutrition Yr2 > Vitamins + Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins + Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 ways in which Vitamins are categorized

A
  1. Water-soluble
  2. Fat-soluble
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2
Q

Name the 2 types of Water-soluble Vitamins

A
  1. Vitamin B
  2. Vitamin C
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3
Q

Name the 4 types of Fat-soluble Vitamins

A
  1. Vitamin A
  2. Vitamin D
  3. Vitamin E
  4. Vitamin K
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4
Q

What’s the difference between Water-soluble + Fat-soluble vitamins?

A

Water-soluble vitamins are found in food + supplements + are dissolved in water.

Fat-soluble vitamins are found in high-fat foods and similar to oil + do not dissolve in water.

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5
Q

What is the name given to Vitamin A?

A

Retinol

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6
Q

How many vitamin B’s are in the Vitamin B Complex?

A

8

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7
Q

Name all 8 vitamins in the Vitamin B complex

A
  1. B1
  2. B2
  3. B3
  4. B5
  5. B6
  6. B7
  7. B9
  8. B12
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8
Q

What is the name given to B1?

A

Thiamine

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9
Q

What is the name given to B2?

A

Riboflavin

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10
Q

What is the name given to B3?

A

Niacin

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11
Q

What is the name given to B5?

A

Pantothenic acid

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12
Q

What is the name given to B6?

A

Pyridoxine

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13
Q

What is the name given to B7?

A

Biotin

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14
Q

What is the name given to B9?

A

Folic acid

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15
Q

What is the name given to B12?

A

Cobalamin

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16
Q

What is the name given to Vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic acid

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17
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the Vitamin B complex?

A
  1. Plays a role in many (biochemical) enzyme reactions in the metabolism
  2. Helps maintain nervous system
  3. Maintain blood cell production in bone marrow
  4. Important in normal cardiovascular functions
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18
Q

What is the specific function of Vitamins B1, B2 + B3?

A

Play a huge role in digestion!

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19
Q

Name the 8 sources of Vitamin B

A
  1. Fish
  2. Most muscle meat
  3. Organ meat
  4. Eggs
  5. Legumes
  6. Pulses
  7. Nuts
  8. Seeds
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20
Q

What is another way in which B2 is produced in Dogs + Cats?

A

Bacteria in the intestine of Dogs + Cats

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21
Q

What are the 4 Vitamin B’s which can (rarely) cause:
* Nausea
* V+
* Nerve damage
If fed in excess?

A
  1. B1(Thiamine)
  2. B3 (Niacin)
  3. B5 (Pantothenic acid)
  4. B6 (Pyridoxine)
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22
Q

What can an excess of Vitamins B2, B7, B9 + B12 cause?

A

Trick question!

Did you fall for it?

No problems can occur! As excess is filtered out through the Glomeruli of the kidney + excreted in urination!

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23
Q

What Vitamins can cause the following deficiencies?
* Dermatitis
* Skin lesions
* Slow wound healing
* Anaemia
* Lethargy, fatigue
* V+ + nausea
* Mouth ulceration
* Poor coat condition
* GI upset
* Loss of appeitie

A

The Vitamin B complex!

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24
Q

What are the 5 functions of vitamin C?

A
  1. Hold cells together through collagen synthesis
  2. Aids in bone + tooth formation
  3. Wound healing
  4. Strengthens blood vessel walls
  5. Functioning of immune system
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25
Q

What can an excess of Ascorbic acid cause?

A

Nothing - as it is water soluble!

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26
Q

Name 2 main sources of Ascorbic acid

A
  1. All fruit (especially Citrus)
  2. All veg (especially Potatoes, Green leafy veg)
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27
Q

What Vitamin causes the following - if - there is a deficency?
* Struggle to stand (due to bone + joint pain)
* Susceptability to infection
* Delayed wound healing
* Anorexia
* Muscle/joint pain
* Haemorrhaging
* Scurvy..

A

Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)!

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28
Q

Name the Fat-soluble Vitamins

A
  1. A
  2. D
  3. E
  4. K
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29
Q

Name the 4 functions of Retinol

A
  1. Essential for night vision - used within the eye to adapt to changes in light
  2. Regulation of the immune system
  3. Appetite
  4. Maintainance of skin + coat
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30
Q

Name 4 sources of Vitamin A?

A
  1. Dark leafy greens
  2. Carrots
  3. Fish liver oil
  4. Liver
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31
Q

What vitamin deficiencies leads to these issues?

  • Poor skin + coat condition
  • Night blindness
  • Bone + Teeth abnormalities
  • Weakened immunity
A

Vitamin A

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32
Q

Name the 4 consequences of Hypervitaminosis A

A
  1. Abnormal bone formation
  2. Bone fusion (Particularly of the spine)
  3. Skin changes
  4. Joint problems
33
Q

What is the name given to the state of excess Vitamin A?

A

Hypervitaminosis A

34
Q

What species is Hypervitaminosis A commonly seen with + Why?

A
  • Normally seen in Cats
  • Because some clients/owners may feed exccessive amounts of liver in their diet
35
Q

True or False.

Cats can synthesis Vitamin A.

A

False.

They are unable to so must recieve dietary supplementation.

36
Q

What vitamin can Cats not naturally synthesise?

A

Vitamin A/Retinol

37
Q

What is the dietary precursor for Vitamin A?

A

Carotene

38
Q

Where is pre-formed Vitamin A naturally found?

A
  • Meats!
  • Because most animals naturally synthesis Vitamin A from the precursor Carotene
39
Q

Apart from the requirement of Taurine, making Cats Obligate Carnivores, name the other dietary requirement that confirms this?

A

The need for Vitamin A, which they cannot synthesize!

40
Q

Which vitamin influences Calcium + Phosphorous absorption in the GI tract?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E

A

C) Vit D

41
Q

What mineral if given in excess, is associated with FLUTD?

A

Magnesium

42
Q

What mineral if found in excess can be seen as a result of Kidney Failure?

A

Potassium

43
Q

What 3 conditions can Calcium deficiency cause?

A
  1. Rickets
  2. Osteomalaciia
  3. Eclampsia
44
Q

What mineral is required for:
* Health bones + teeth
* Normal functioning fo heart, skeletal muscle + nervous tissue
* Na + K metabolism
* Enzyme reactionis with energy metabolism

A

Magnesium

45
Q

What can a deficiencies in Magnesium cause?

A
  • Convulsions
  • Muscular weakness (if severe)
46
Q

What mineral is rarely seen to be in excess of within the body?

A

Sodium

47
Q

What mineral is found in:
* Seafood
* Nuts
* Legumes
* Green leafy vegetables

A

Copper

48
Q

What mineral deficiency is this?

I result in…
* Poor growth
* Skin lesions
* Anorexia
* Poor coat condition
* Testicular atrophy
* Emaciation

A

Zinc

49
Q

True or False.

Zinc is relatively non-toxic if seen in excess

A

True

50
Q

What mineral deficiency am I?

I result in..
* Anaemia
* Poor growth
* De-pigmentation of hair
* Potential infertility

A

Copper

51
Q

Name 6 sources of Potassium in the diet

A
  1. Peas
  2. Lentils
  3. Dried beans
  4. Peanuts
  5. Milk
  6. Lean meat
52
Q

Where can K be found in the body?

A
  1. High concentrations within the cells
  2. In nerve transmission
  3. Fluid
  4. In muscle metabolism
53
Q

Where can Copper accumilate in the body if given in excess?

A

In the Liver

54
Q

What may cause anaemia if given in excess, due to its competition with Iron for the absorption sites within the intestine?

A

Copper!

55
Q

What 3 breeds are most susceptable to Copper toxicity?

A
  1. Bedlington terriers
  2. WHWTs
  3. Dobermanns
56
Q

What breed has a high inherited susceptability to Copper toxicity in particular, causing Hepatitis + Cirrhosis?

A

Bedlington terriers

57
Q

What mineral if given in excess leads to anorexia + weight loss in dogs?

A

Iron

58
Q

What is Zinc involved in within the body?

A
  1. Immune system + Electrolyte balance
  2. Maintaining healthy coat + skin
  3. Production, storage + secretion of hormones
  4. Cell replication + differentiation
  5. In enzymes related to carbohydrate + protein metabolism
59
Q

What are the 3 main functions of Copper in the body?

A
  1. Formation + activity of RBCs
  2. Co-factor in many enzyme systems
  3. Role in normal pigmentation of skin + hair
60
Q

What mineral, if deficient results in:
* Anaemia
* Weakness
* Fatigue

A

Iron

61
Q

What is Iron’s role within the body?

A
  1. Essential component of o2
  2. Carrying pigment for blood (haemaglobin) + muscle (myoglobin)
  3. Component of many enzymes, involved in cell respiration
62
Q

What mineral can be found in…
* Animal products
* Marine products
* Rock salt?

A

Sodium!

63
Q

What is the role of Sodium within the body?

A
  1. Acid-base balance
  2. Osmotic regulation of body fluids
  3. Transmission of nerve impulses
  4. Absorption of sugars + AAs from the digestive tract
64
Q

What can a deficiency of Sodium cause?

A
  1. Dehydration (due to decreased osmotic pressure, resulting in fluid not being retained by the body)
  2. Poor growth
  3. Dry skin
  4. Hair loss
  5. Decreased utilisation of digested proteins + energy
65
Q

What mineral in Rats has been known to cause the following issues?
* Eye lesions
* Reproductive distrubances
* Death

A

Sodium

66
Q

Where can the main sources of Phosphorus be found in the diet?

A
  1. Milk
  2. Eggs
  3. Meat
  4. Vegetables
67
Q

What are the 7 main functions of the mineral Phosphorus within the body?

A
  1. Structure of bones + teeth
  2. Present as phospholipids within the cell membranes
  3. Component of many enzymes
  4. Vital role in energy metabolism (Storage + transfer of energy)
  5. Involved in nearlty all metabolic processes
68
Q

4 conditions…

What can a high level of Ca + P in the diet or a high ratio of either cause in the body?

A
  1. Hip dysplasia
  2. Osteochondrosis syndrome
  3. Wobbler’s syndrome
  4. Enostosis
69
Q

What is the syndrome called, caused by an exccess of Ca + P that results in the abnormal growth of cartilage, resulting in a sequelea + causes lameness?

A

Osteochondrosis syndrome

70
Q

What is the condition called, caused by an exccess of Ca + P that results in a bony growth within a bone cavity or an internal surface of the bone cortex?

A

Enostosis

71
Q

What is the syndrome called, caused by an exccess of Ca + P that results in compreession of the spinal cord in the neck, due to vertebral malformation, malarticulation + instability, resulting in ataxia?

And can be seen in 2 species… what are these?

A
  1. Wobbler’s syndrome
  2. Horses + Dogs (Great Danes + Dobermanns)
72
Q

What condition if caused by a deficiency of Ca + found in young growing animals, causing mishapen bones, enlargement of the joints + lameness and stiffness?

A

Rickets

73
Q

What condition if caused by a deficiency of Ca + found in adult animals, resulting in the weakening and breakage of bones?

A

Osteomalacia

74
Q

What condition if caused by a deficiency of Ca + can cause low circulating Ca levels in the blood shortly before or after birth, resulting in muscular spasms, paralysis, unconsciousness + death?

A

Eclampsia

Otherwise known as,
Hypocalcaemia!

75
Q

What is the other name given to Hypocalcaemia?

A

Eclampsia

76
Q

What mineral deficiency can cause;
* Rickets
* Osteomalacia
* Develop Pica
* Have a detrimental effect on fertility
* Cause poor growth in young animals

Pica foods can be - wood, bones, rags etc

A

Phosphorus!

77
Q

What are the dietary sources of Calcium?

A
  • Green leafy vegetables
  • Legumes
  • Bone meal
  • Fish meal
78
Q
A

Nutrition Yr2 (13 decks)

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