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Nutrition Yr2 > Key nutrient groups > Flashcards

Key nutrient groups Flashcards

1
Q

3 marks

Explain what the biological value of a protein is a measure of

A

Biological value is a measure of how digestible, (1) utilisable (1) + acceptable (1) the protein is

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2
Q

Do dogs and cats have an absolute requirement for carbohydrates in their diet?

A) Yes, they cannot survive without dietary carbohydrates
B) No, they can synthesize glucose from fats and proteins
C) Only cats require carbohydrates
D) Only dogs require carbohydrates

A

B) No, they can synthesize glucose from fats and proteins

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3
Q

What is biological value a measure of?

A) Only protein digestability
B) Only carbohydrate digestability
C) How digestable, utilisable and acceptable that protein is
D) The amount of protein in a food

A

C) How digestable, utilisable and acceptable that protein is

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4
Q

What characterizes proteins with high biological value?

A) High proportions of essential amino acids
B) Low digestability
C) High waste products
D) Low amino acid content

A

A) High proportions of essential amino acids

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5
Q

3 marks

Explain what it means if a protein has a high biological value

A
  1. High proportions of EAA (Essential Amino Acids) within them (1)
  2. They closely resemble the requirements of the animal (1)
  3. They are highly digestible + leave fewer waste products to be excreted by the body (1)
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6
Q

5 marks..

Identify the factors that affect the relative requirements for fats in the diet of companion animals

A
  1. Fat is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role for many functions in the body (1)
  2. A relative proportion of fat is required in the diet to meet energy needs of animal (1)
  3. Fat supplies highest volume of calories per gram (1)
  4. Energy requirements depend on lifestage, BW, exercise levels + reproductive status (2)
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7
Q

4 marks..

Identify 4 functions of fibre in a diet for dogs

A

Any of these..

  1. Provides bulk for obese animals (1)
  2. Adds bulk/gives form to faeces (1)
  3. Regulates gut transit time - preventing constipation + diarrhoea (1)
  4. Fibre improves glycaemic control in dogs w/DM (1)
  5. Alters nutrient absorption + metabolism (1)
  6. Helps maintain the structural integrity of gut mucosa (1)
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8
Q

4 marks..

Explain the difference between digestable energy + metabolisable energy

A
  • Digestable energy
    1. From food once it has been absorbed into the body after digestion in the digestive tract (1)
    2. Calculated as = Gross energy - Faecal losses (1)
  • Metabolisable energy
    1. Energy that is utilized by the tissues (1)
    2. Calculated as = Digestable energy - Urinary losses (1)
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9
Q

6 marks..

Describe the role of Vitamin D in regulating Calcium + Phosphorus levels in the body

A
  1. Vit D influences the amount of these Ca + P absorbed from the GI tract + deposition into the bone tissue (1)
  2. Stimulates the synthesis of Ca binding protein which is necessary for the absorption of Ca + P (1)
  3. Mobilises Parathromone to release Ca from the bone (2) which causes phosphate reabsorption from the kidneys (1)
  4. This further results in plasma levels of Ca + P being increased to required levels for normal mineralisation of the bone (1)
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10
Q

3 marks..

Identify the possible implications of feeding a diet that is deficient in Iodine

A
  1. Dietary deficiency is unlikely (1)
  2. If does occur, can result in:
    * Goiter (swollen neck from enlarged thyroid gland)
    * Growth retardation
    * Reproductive failure
    (2)
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11
Q

Explain what a non-essential AA is

A
  • AA can be synthesised from other excess AAs
  • So not required in the diet
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12
Q

Give 2 examples of essential AAs required by dogs

A
  1. Leucine
  2. Methionine
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13
Q

What affects the quality of protein?

Give 1 example of a protein with a BV of 100%

A
  1. Acceptability, digestability, utilisabilty
  2. Egg!
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14
Q

State 5 functions of protein in the diet

A

Any of these…
1. Growth
2. Pregnancy
3. Lactation
4. Repair of damaged tissues
5. Dietary source of energy
6. Regulation of metabolisim (enzymes + hormones)
7. Part of structure of cell walls + muscle fibres
8. Provides strength with flexability in ligaments, tendons + cartilage
9. Involved in transport + storage of 02 in muscles (myogolbin)
10. Transport of other nutrients (lipids as lipoproteins)
11. Protection of the body against infections (antibodies)

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15
Q

What are carbohydrates composed of?

A
  1. Carbon
  2. Hydrogen
  3. Oxygen
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16
Q

Give 1 example of a monosaccharide

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Fructose
17
Q

Name 3 sources of carbohydrates found commonly in pet foods

A

Cereals such as…
1. Wheat
2. Maize
3. Potatoes

18
Q

Name the 3 EFAs

A
  1. Alpha-linolenic acid (Omega 3)
  2. Linoleic acid (Omega 6)
  3. Arachidonic acid (Omega 6)
19
Q

Name 6 ways in which water can be lost from the body!

A
  1. Tears
  2. Haemorrhage
  3. V+
  4. D+
  5. Urine
  6. Milk
20
Q

Define the term metabolisable energy

A
  • Energy that is utilized by tissues
  • Calculated as = digestable energy - urinary losses
21
Q

State the 4 main functions of Vitamin A

A
  1. Component of visual pigments (rhodopsin) in the eye
  2. Involved in the regulation of cell membranes
  3. Essential for epithelial tissue, required for healthy skin, coat + mm
  4. Required for normal development of bones + teeth
22
Q

Name 2 conditions related to a decficiency of Vitamin E in the diet

A
  1. Pansteatitis
  2. Skeletal muscle dystrophy
  3. Reproductive failure
  4. Impaired immune response in dogs
23
Q

Why is Vitamin K used as an antidote to Warfarin poisoning?

A
  • Because it promotes (+involved) in blood clotting
  • As Warfarin thins the blood + causes bleeding
24
Q

Name the water-soluble vitamins!

A
  1. B
  2. C
25
Q

State the 5 functions of Ca in the diet

A
  1. Formation of bones + teeth
  2. Blood clotting
  3. Transmission of nerve impulses
  4. Contraction of muscles
  5. Component of milk
26
Q

Which mineral has to be considered when adding Ca into the diet?

A

Phosphorus

27
Q

Name the function of Copper in the diet

A
  • Formation + activity of RBCs
  • Co-factor in many enzyme systems
  • Role in normal pigmentation of skin + hair
28
Q

Which mineral has functions that are closely related to Vitamin E?

A

Selenium

29
Q

True or False.

Fat can saturated or de-saturated.

A

False.

They can be saturated or UN-saturated

Nutrition Yr2 (13 decks)

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