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Nutrition Yr2 > Lifestage feeding + Factors affecting nutritional reqs > Flashcards

Lifestage feeding + Factors affecting nutritional reqs Flashcards

1
Q

Why do cat diets generally have higher protein levels compared to dog diets?

A) Cats are larger animals
B) Cats are obligate carnivores
C) Dogs do not digest protein well
D) To increase water consumption

A

B) Cats are obligate carnivores

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2
Q

What additional nutrient do cats require in their diet that dogs do not?

A) Taurine
B) Calcium
C) Iron
D) Zinc

A

A) Taurine

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3
Q

True or False.

Rabbits are adapted to eating high fibre diets

A

True

They have a caecum for bacterial fermentation, to allow for this

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4
Q

What do rabbits produce that they reabsorb for to regain nutrients?

A

Caecatrophes

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5
Q

What type of diet does a rabbit have?

A

Herbivorious

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6
Q

What do some people call rabbits, due to their high fibre requirements?

A

Fibrevores

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7
Q

Can dogs digest fibre as well as rabbits? +
Why?

A
  • No, as they are monogastric, so they are more specialised for high quality protein, fat + carbohydrate digestion, by the enzymes in the digestive tract
  • Whereas rabbits which are hindgut fermenters, a caecum specialised for bacterial fermentation of high quality fibre
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8
Q

What 2 amino acids are essential for cats?

A
  1. Taurine
  2. Arachidonic acid
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9
Q

What vitamin is required to be pre-formed, as they are unable to naturally convert this?

A

Vitamin A

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10
Q

Are cats more suited to high carbohydrate or protein diets?

A

Protein, as they have a higher requirement for it due to their obligate carnivorous nature

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11
Q

List 3 sources of water within the commerical diet of animals

A
  1. Drinking water
  2. Metabolic water
  3. Food
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12
Q

Finish the sentence….

Dams should weigh _ % to _ % above their normal BW after whelping

A

Dams should weigh 5% to 10% above their normal BW after whelping

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13
Q

Finish the sentence…

Dams should gain no more than ? % to ? % of BW by the end of gestation

Is this…

A) 15 - 25%
B) 20 - 25%
C) 10 - 15%
D) 5 - 7%

A

A) 15 - 25%

Dams should gain no more than 15% to 25% of BW by the end of gestation

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14
Q

How much should you increase the food intake for bitches + dams by the end of gestation?

A) 1.5 - 1.7x maintenance
B) 2.1 - 2.35x maintenance
C) 0.7 - 1.8x maintenance
D) 1.25 - 1.5x maintenance

A

D) 1.25 - 1.5x maintenance

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15
Q

Do not increase feed intake until which weeks of gestation in dogs?

A) 4th - 5th week
B) 7th - 8th week
C) 5th - 6th week
D) Week 7th

A

C) 5th - 6th week

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16
Q

How long is the gestation period in dogs for?

A

Approx 63 days

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17
Q

How many times a day should meals be fed to gestating bitches in late gestation?

A

Several small meals a day

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18
Q

Select the correct statement for lactating dams.

A) Dam’s should be fed 0.5 - 0.8x maintenance during peak lactation
B) Dam’s should be fed 1.2 - 1.5x maintenance during peak lactation
C) Dam’s should be fed 2 - 3x maintenance during peak lactation
D) Dam’s should be fed 2.2 - 3.5 x maintenance during peak lactation

A

C) Dam’s should be fed 2 - 3x maintenance during peak lactation

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19
Q

True or False.

Dams should be fed several small meals per day + free-choice feeding during peak lactation.

A

True!

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20
Q

When should you start to slowly reduce the dam’s intake during lactation?

A

After the 4th week

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21
Q

What percentage of the primary source of animal protein be for a reproductive bitch?

A) 21 - 32%
B) 15 - 18%
C) 31 - 33%
D) 28 - 30%

A

D) 28 - 30%

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22
Q

What percentage of the primary source of animal protein be for a reproductive queen?

A) 28%
B) 33%
C) 32%
D) 26%

A

C) 32%

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23
Q

What percentage of fat should be provided to reproductive cats + dogs?

A) 25%
B) 32%
C) 20%
D) 37%

A

C) 20%

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24
Q

What is the balance ratio of Omega 6 : Omega 3 in reproductive dogs + cats?

A

Omega 3 : Omega 6
5 : 1

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25
Q

What are 3 potential dangers that could occur due to pregnancy?

A
  1. Eclampsia
  2. Dystocia
  3. Large foetuses
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26
Q

What is the gestation period for queens?

A

63 days

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27
Q

What type of fat should be provided of high value in pregnant queens?

A

Arachonic acid

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28
Q

At the start of what week should you gradually start to increase the food intake from pregnancy > birth in Queens?

A) Week 1
B) Week 4
C) Week 2
D) Week 6

A

C) Week 2

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29
Q

When should you feed queen Ad-lb in queens?

A

During lactation

30
Q

What must you mointor when feeding queens ad-lib during lactation?

A

Weight gain!

31
Q

Why is weight gain not desirable during birth in any animal?

A

Higher risk of dystocia due to obesity

32
Q

What essential nurtient/part of diet must always be fresh, clean and avaliable at all times during pregancy, birth and all times for all animals?

A

Water!!

33
Q

What % of food should a queen be consuming by the time she gives birth?

A) 32 - 42%
B) 25 - 50%
C) 28 - 62%
D) 45 - 50%

A

B) 25 - 50%

34
Q

When should puppies + kittens start eating solids?

A

At 4 weeks of age

35
Q

When should gradual weaning begin in puppies + kittens?

A

5 weeks

36
Q

When should weaning be completed in puppies + kittens, if it starts at week 5?

A

7 - 9 weeks

37
Q

What may dictate when the maintenance diet can be re-introduced to the bitch or queen?

A

The mother’s condition

38
Q

Should bitches or queen be provided with Ca supplementation during pregnancy + lactation?

A

No!

Unless the bitch or queen has Eclampsia and has been prescribed or advised by the VS to provide Ca supplementation.

39
Q

When may be it necessary to limit access of pups/kittens to the mother’s teats?

A

To allow the mother’s milk production to return to normal

40
Q

When should feeding be gradually reduced in lactating bitches + queens?

A

When weaning begins!

41
Q

Why are adult dog diets expected to have lower fat levels?

A

As restricted fat level diets are appropriate to prevent weight gain

42
Q

Why are adult dog + cat diets expected to have lower fibre levels in their diet in comparison to adult rabbits?

A

Because they don’t digest fibre as well as rabbits

43
Q

Would higher or lower fibre levels be more appropriate in weight loss or senior diets for dogs + cats?

A

Higher

  • As senior diets may struggle to absorb nutrients + less likely to have formed stools, which fibre helps with
  • Whereas weight loss diets benefit from higher fibre as it will take longer to digest, preventing hunger
44
Q

What nutrient is important for low intensity (aerobic) exercise, allowing for better endurance?

A

Fat

45
Q

What is the importance of fat as an energy source in performance diets?

A

Important for low intensity (aerobic) exercise, allowing for better endurance

46
Q

What types of nutrient is more important for high intensity (anaerobic) exercise?

A

Carbohydrates - as long-releasing!

47
Q

Are high intensity exercises anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Anaerobic

48
Q

Are Low intensity exercises anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Aerobic

49
Q

What is low-energy exercise supplied by?

A

Free fatty acids
(FFAs)

50
Q

Where are free fatty acids (FFAs) derived from during low-intensity exercise?

A

Triglycerides of muscles + other tissues

51
Q

Where are carbohydrates supplied from during high-intensity exercise?

A

Muscle glycogen

52
Q

What happens to muscle glycogen during high-intensity exercise, as it is supplemented by the production of glucose by the liver?

A

It decreases

53
Q

What % of energy for work is dervied from fat metabolism?

A) 65 - 75 %
B) 52 - 64 %
C) 45 - 67 %
D) 70 - 90%

A

D) 70 - 90%

54
Q

What nutrient may be required to ensure adequate levels of muscle glycogen are maintained?

A

Carbohydrate

55
Q

What dietary nutrient must be increased in level to support the physiological and metabolic changes associated with performance work?

A

Protein

56
Q

Is protein catabolism increased or decreased during endurance exercised?

A

Increased

57
Q

What is increased protein catabolism associated with during endurance exercise?

A

Increased rate of skeletal muscle turnover

58
Q

Why is there an increase in protein catabolism associated with an increased rate of skeletal muscle turnover?

A

Because this results from exercised-induced muscle damage + oxidation of protein!

59
Q

What metabolic changes increase during performance work?

A

Increased..
1. Blood volume
2. Red blood cell mass
3. Capillary density
4. Mitochondrial volume
5. Activity + total mass of metabolic enzymes

60
Q

How % of highly digestable protein should be given to dogs undergoing performance work?

A

> 82%

61
Q

What % of calories should be provided by a high quality fat source for dogs undergoing performance work?

A) 62 - 72%
B) 43 - 76%
C) 57 - 62%
D) 50 - 65%

A

D) 50 - 65%

62
Q

What fatty acid ratio of Omega 3 : Omega 6 should be ensured for dogs undergoing performance work?

A

Between:
5 : 1
+
10 : 1

63
Q

What are the 4 benefits of a 50 - 65% high quality fat diet for performance dogs?

A
  • Decreases volume of fat required
  • Increases:
    1. Energy density
    2. Palatability
    3. Digestability
64
Q

What % of carbohydrates should be provided to dogs undergoing performance work?

A

10 - 15%

65
Q

What % of moderately fermentable fibre should be provided to dogs undergoing performance work?

A) 3 - 5 %
B) 3 - 7%
C) 2 - 6%
D) 5 - 8%

A

B) 3 - 7%

66
Q

What are the 2 benefits of providing increased anti-oxidants into the diet of a dog undergoing performance work?

A
  1. Prevent rancidity in the diet
  2. Reduces oxidative damage to the tissues
67
Q

True or False.

Dogs undergoing performance work should be fed portion controlled diets, 3 - 5 meals per day, with the smallest meal after training.

A

False.

Dogs undergoing performance work should be fed portion controlled diets, 2 - 3 meals per day, with the largest meal after training.

68
Q

What important nutrient must be served cool + fresh for dogs undergoing performance work?

A

Water!

Prevent that dehydration!

69
Q

What must you consider when calculating the energy requirements of dogs undergoing performance work?

A
  • Type of exercise
  • Stage of training
70
Q

What bodily factor may significantly affect the energy requirements of a dog undergoing performance work?

A

Temperature

71
Q

What are the 2 main goals to maintain for a dog undergoing performance work?

A
  1. Body condition
  2. Weight

Nutrition Yr2 (13 decks)

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