vitamins & herbs Flashcards
vitamins are required in what amount for growth and maintenance of health?
a. minute
b. major
c. four cups
d. massive
a. minute
a person does not need excessive amounts of vitamins to have a healthy lifesyle or maintain proper body function.
vitamins are not a source of energy. true or false.
True.
vitamins are essential for which of the following processes? select all that apply.
a. regulation of blood throughout the body
b. energy transformation
c. synapse of the neuronal transmitters
d. regulation of metabolic processes
b. energy transformation
d. regulation of the metabolic processes
vitamins do not actually provide the body with energy. they rather aid functions of the body.
ex: they help enzymes within the body function better.
ex: they help carbohydrates metabolize better.
who sets the guidlines for vitamin intake so people can gage their vitamin intake and not reach toxic levels.
the national academy of medicine
RDA
recommended daily allowence
specificly, the overall amount of one vitamin that a person can consume per day
AI
adequate intake
just enough to perform bodily functions. cells are at working capacity, but its not really the optimal intake. anything below would result in vitamin defficiency.
UL
tolerable upper intake level
the point in which the person has had to much of a vitamin.
can cause overdose toxicity
EAR
estimated average requirement
what are the two subclasses of vitamins?
a. vitamins & minerals
b. carbohydrate & protein
c. fat & water
d. oil & fat
c. fat & water
fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins
fat soluble vitamins
- vitamin A
- vitamin D
- vitamin E
- vitamin K
water soluble vitamins
- vitamin c
- vitamin B complex - thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, biotin, folic acid, cyanocoblamin
The patient ask the nurse to list types of fat soluble vitamins. The nurse replies with which of the following:
a. vitamin A
b. vitamin C
c. vitamin B complex
d. vitamin D
e. vitamin E
f. vitamin K
a. vitamin A
d. vitamin D
e. vitamin E
f. vitamin K
The patient ask the nurse to list types of water soluble vitamins. The nurse replies with which of the following:
a. vitamin A
b. vitamin C
c. vitamin B complex
d. vitamin D
e. vitamin E
f. vitamin K
b. vitamin C
c. vitamin B complex
fat soluble vitamins are more prone to producing overdose toxicity. true or false.
true.
when fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are consumed they are stored in the body, the fat cells and other tissues and steadily leak out over time causing an abundance of the vitamin(s)
what happens to water soluble vitamins after they are consumed?
a. they are stored in the tissues
b. they are stored in the kindney
c. they are excreted out though the urine
d. they enter the blood stream
c. they are excreted out through the urine
the nurse knows that there are two main forms of vitamin A; vitamin A (retinol) and provitamin A carotenoids (beta - carotene) . true or false.
true.
provitamin a carotenoids such as beta - carotene are converted to retinol.
foods that contain vitamin a (retinol)
- milk
- cheese
- butter
- egg
- organ meats
animal products, fortified foods, vitamin supplements
foods that contain vitamin a carotenoids (beta - carotene)
- carrots
- sweet potatoes
- mangoes
- papaya
- cantelope
- red peppers
- spinach
- lettuce
foods that are rich in beta - carotene often have a bright orange color
plant foods that are orange or dark leafy greens.
A mother wants to know what vitamin should she begin taking as she is grwowing a fetus. The nurse responds with…
a. vitamin A
b. vitamin B
c. vitamin K
d. vitamin D
a. vitamin A
vitamin a is essential for embryogenesis, the development of a fetus.
A mother brings her child into the ER and complains that her child is turning an orange color. The nurse knows what could be the cause?
a. the child has been consuming to much beta - carotene
b. the child has been consuming to much vitamin B complex
c. the child is having an allergic reaction
d. the child is pranking the mother
a. the child has been consuming to much beta - carotene
vitamin a carotenoid (beta - carotene) is critical for skin function but can also affect the skin. a diet high in beta - carotene can cause the storage of vitamin a and beta - carotene in the skin causing it to turn orange.
a patient experiencing night blindess is showing deficiency in what vitamin?
a. vitamin A
b. vitamin B
c. vitamin C
a. vitamin A
critical in sight
the patient may also be experiencing corneal dryness and ulceration, skin lesions, dysfunction of mucous membranes.
the nurse knows that consuming to much vitamin a can cause:
- a teratogenic effect
- liver damage
- hypervitaminosis A
teratogenic effect - can cause abnormalities or bith defects in a developing fetus.
hypervitaminosis A is the clinical name for a vitamin A overdose and is charecterized by:
- hair loss
- peeling skin
- GI upset
- lethargy
The function of Vitamin D
regulates calcium and phosphorus to benefit bone health
specifically in their uptake of bone processing and building
a vitamin D deficiency has the same diagnosis in children as it does adults. True or false.
false.
A vitamin D deficiency is diagnosed differently in adults versus children. It is the same deficiency, and causes spongey bone and boing of the bone but it has a different name depending on if it is an adult or child patient.
A nurse has a patient with vitamin D deficiency and is diagnosed with rickets. The nurse can assume the patient is a:
a. a 12 year old male
b. a 34 year old female
c. a 36 year old male
d. a 42 year old male
a. a 12 year old male
a vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children.
A nurse has a patient with vitamin D deficiency and is diagnosed with osteomalacia. The nurse can assume the patient is a:
a. a 12 year old male
b. a 13 year old female
c. a 16 year old male
d. a 42 year old male
d. a 42 year old male
a vitamin D deficiency causes osteomalacia in adults.
what is rickets and osteomalacia?
rickets occurs in children while osteomalacia occurs in adults and both are a result of vitamin D deficiency. causing the inability of the bone to reserve calcium and phosphorus and maintain its strength.
if it happenes early on in children, where there is bone growth, its probably going to have more severe deficiencies and is reffered to as rickets
A patient labs result show hypercalcemia. What can the nurse infer may be the problem?
a. the patient is overdosing on vitamin a
b. the patient is overdosing on vitamin c
c. the patient is overdosing on vitamin d
c. the patient is overdosing on vitamin d
the patient may also be experiencing hypervitaminosis D, secondary to hypercalcemia.
A patient is experiencing hypervitaminosis D secondary to hypercalcemia and is showing s/s of:
- nausea
- vomiting
- anorexia
vitamin E is an antioxidant and is critical for what bodily function?
red blood cell function
Vitamin E protects RBCs from hemolysis, (the destruction of RBCs)
A patient with a deficiency of RBCs may experience what?
Hemolysis
breakdown / destruction of RBCs
A nurse knows that a patient overdosed on vitamin E is at risk for what?
a. increased ICP
b. increased urine output
c. increased risk for bleeding
d. decreased risk for saliva production
c. increased risk for bleeding
Vitamin K is required for what function?
it is required for synthesis of prothrombin and other clotting factors VII, IX, X
Prothrombine time, aka PT, evaluates blood clotting; measures the time it takes for blood plasma portion of the blood to clot.
normal range: 11 to 13.5 seconds
Vitamin K is the antidote for what drug?
a. digoxin
b. warfarin
c. lovenox
d. diphenhydramine
b. warfarin
A nurse knows that because infants are born deficient in what vitamin they usually recive a shot this at birth?
vitamin K
vitamin k deficiency produces bleeding and infants are born vitamin k deicient which can lead to serious bleeding problems.
Toxicity of vitamin K in infants presents as hyperbilirubinemia, hemolytic anemia, and jaundice in newborns. True or false.
True.
Oral vitamin K1 (phytonadione) can cause shock, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest im adults. True or false.
False.
IV vitamin K1 (phytonadione) can cause schock, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest
The nurse knows that what route of vitamin k1 is nontoxic in adults?
a. IV
b. Oral
c. Parental
d. Intranasal
b. oral
what water soluble vitamin is required for the production of collagen, synthesis of adrenal steroids, absorption of iron?
a. vitamin a
b. vitamin b
c. vitamin c
d.vitamin d
c. vitamin c
vitamin a and d are fat soluble vitamins
sources of vitamin C
citrus fruits/juices, tomatoes, potatoes, strawberries, melons, spinach, broccoli
excessive doses of vitamin c cause GI irritation - abd cramps, nausea, diarrhea
a deficiency in vitamin c can lead to what disease?
scurvy
smokers are also deficient
