autonomics

Question 1

The central nervous system controls the nerves. true or false?

Answer 1

false. the central nervous system controls the brain and the spinal cord.

Question 2

The peripheral nervous system controls the nerves. true or false?

Answer 2

true. the peripheral nervous system controls the nerves.

Question 3

what many diverse preocesses can neuropharmacological drugs modify?

Answer 3

• skeletal muscle secretions
• cardiac output
• glandular secretions

Question 4

Bethanecol

Answer 4

MOA: Mimic the actions of acetylcholine, specifically at the muscarinic receptors

TU: Tx urinary retention

NI: monitor HR & BP d/t bradycardia and hypotensiion

Question 5

what happens to drug levels when blocking metabolism?

Answer 5

they increase

Question 6

A pt experiencing urinary retention is prescribed a direct cholinergic agonist that acts on the muscarinic receptor subtypes. The pt is told it may have increased salvation, gastric acid secretion, abd cramps, and diarrhea. The nurse can suspect the patient is taking which of the following medications?

a. bethanechol
b. pilocarpine
c. echothiopate
d. pralidoxime

Answer 6

a. bethanechol

this is the best drug because it is prepared orally and gwill enter the system to in this case tx urinary retention.

Question 7

A pt experiencing glaucoma is prescribed a direct cholinergic agonist that acts on the muscarinic receptor subtypes. The pt is told it may have increased salvation, gastric acid secretion, abd cramps, and diarrhea. The nurse can suspect the patient is taking which of the following medications?

a. bethanechol
b. pilocarpine
c. echothiopate
d. pralidoxime

Answer 7

b. pilocarpine

this is the best drug because it is prepared ophthalmically and given directly to the eye. in this case it is best used to tx glaucoma.

Question 8

Bethanechol and Pilocarpine are medications the can affect the parasympathetic nervous system by increasing acid secretion and abd cramps, therefore should be contraindicated in which of the following patients? select all that apply:

a. A 21 yo female w. peptic ulcers
b. a 12 yo male w. an intestional obstruction
c. a 94 yo female w. carpal tunnel
d. a 12 yo male w. a greenstick fracture

Answer 8

a. A 21 yo female w. peptic ulcers
b. a 12 yo male w. an intestional obstruction

Question 9

Direct Cholinergic Agonist – Muscarinic

Cholinergic Excess and/or Cholinergic Crisis

parasympathetic effects

remember SLUDGE and BBB

Answer 9

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diarrhea
GI cramps
Emesis

Bronchospasms
Bradycardia
Bronchorrhea

Question 10

Indirect Cholinergic Agonist

A reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is FDA-approved for treating myasthenia gravis and reversing the effects of muscle relaxants.

Answer 10

pyridostigmine

-stigmine

Pyridostigmine, Neostigmine, Physostigmine, Edrophonium

Question 11

Organophosphate posing can occurfrom nerve gas and pesticides. What is the known antidote?

a. novichok
b. aceystaline
c. pralidoxime
d. digifab

Answer 11

c. pralidoxime

Question 12

A famer enters the ER and the nurse suspects the farmer has been exposed to pesticides that contain organophosphates. the nurse can anticipate the HCP will order what drug?

a. novichok
b. aceystaline
c. pralidoxime
d. digifab

Answer 12

c. pralidoxime

Question 13

Prazosin

Answer 13

blocks alpha 1 receptor therefore dialates blood vessels and smooth muscles. ex: ismooth muscles of BPH patients.

NI:
- orthostatic hypotension - slowly change positions
- first dose hypotension - take at bedtime
- sexual dysfunction - educate