Vitamins (Functions) Flashcards
1
Q
Vitamin A
A
Retinol, ß-Carotene
- Visual pigments in the retina
- Regulation of gene expression & cell differentiation
- (ß-Carotene is an antioxidant)
2
Q
Vitamin D
A
Calciferol
- Maintenance of calcium balance
- Enhances intestinal absorption of Ca2+ & mobilizes bone mineral
- Regulation of gene expression & cell differentiation
3
Q
Vitamin E
A
Tocopherols, Tocotrienols
- Antioxidant, especially in cell membranes
- Roles in cell signaling
4
Q
Vitamin K
A
Phylloquinone, Menaquinones
- Coenzyme in formation of γ-carboxyglutamate in enzymes of blood clotting & bone matrix
5
Q
Vitamin B1
A
Thiamin
- Coenzyme in pyruvate & α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases, & transketolase
- Regulates Cl- channel in nerve conduction
6
Q
Vitamin B2
A
Riboflavin
- Coenzyme in oxidation & reduction reactions (FAD & FMN)
- Prosthetic group of flavoproteins
7
Q
Vitamin B3
A
Niacin, Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide
- Coenzyme in oxidation & reduction reactions
- Functional part of NAD & NADP
- Role in intracellular calcium regulation & cell signaling
8
Q
Vitamin B6
A
Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine
- Coenzyme in transamination & decarboxylation of amino acids & glycogen phosphyorylase
- Modulation of steriod hormone action
9
Q
Vitamin B9
A
Folic Acid
- Coenzyme in transfer of one-carbon fragments
10
Q
Vitamin B12
A
Cobalamin
- Coenzyme in transfer of one-carbon fragments & metabolism of folic acid
11
Q
Vitamin B5
A
Pantothenic Acid
- Functional part of CoA & acyl carrier protein
- Fatty acid synthesis & metabolism
12
Q
Vitamin H
A
Biotin
- Coenzyme in carboxylation reactions in gluconeogenesis & fatty acid synthesis
- Role in regulation of cell cycle
13
Q
Vitamin C
A
Ascorbic Acid
- Coenzyme in hydroxylation of proline & lysine in collagen synthesis
- Antioxidant
- Enhances absorption of iron
