Enzymes Flashcards
Oxidoreductases
Enzymes that catalyze oxidations & reductions
Transferases
Enzymes that catalyze transfer of moieties such as glycosyl, methyl, or phosphoryl groups
Hydrolases
Enzymes that catalyze hydrolytic cleavage of C–C, C–O, C–N, & other covalent bonds
Lyases
Enzymes that catalyze cleavage of C–C, C–O, C–N, & other covalent bonds by atom elimination, generating double bonds
Isomerases
Enzymes that catalyze geometric or structural changes within a molecule
Ligases
Enzymes that catalyze the joining together (ligation) of two molecules in reactions coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP
Ligases (Enzyme Classification Number)
6
Isomerases (Enzyme Classification Number)
5
Lyases (Enzyme Classification Number)
4
Hydrolases (Enzyme Classification Number)
3
Transferases (Enzyme Classification Number)
2
Oxidoreductases (Enzyme Classification Number)
1
1 (Enzyme Classification Number)
Oxidoreductases
2 (Enzyme Classification Number)
Transferases
3 (Enzyme Classification Number)
Hydrolases
4 (Enzyme Classification Number)
Lyases
5 (Enzyme Classification Number)
Isomerases
6 (Enzyme Classification Number)
Ligases
3 Buffers of the Body
- Bicarbonate
- Phosphate
- Proteins
3 Factors that cause Hemoglobin to give off Oxygen
- Increase in CO2
- Decrease in pO2
- Increase in concentration of H+ ions
Pepsin
- Digestive Enzyme
- Catalyzes hydrolysis of peptide bond
- Functions best in acidic environment
Trypsin
- Digestive enzyme
- Catalyzes hydrolysis of peptide bond
- Available in high quantities in the pancrases
- Can be used to break down casein in milk
Chymotrysin
- Cleaves peptides at the carboxyl side of tyrosine, tryptophan, & phenylalanine
- Synthesized in the pancreas
Apoenzyme
- Protein portion
- Inactive
Cofactor
- Nonprotein portion
- Metal ions are common cofactors
- Activator
Holoenzyme
- Whole enzyme
- Active
Prosthetic Groups
Cofactors when they are bound tightly to the enzyme
Coenzymes
- Loosely-bound cofactors
- Common;y vitamins
