Vitamins (Fat-soluble)

Question 1

He coined vitamine in 1912 while searching for the cure of beriberi

Answer 1

Casimir Funk

Question 2

Precursors or Provitamins

Answer 2

compounds that can be changed to active vitamins

Question 3

Preformed Vitamins

Answer 3

naturally occurring vitamins that are in active form and ready for biological use

Question 4

Avitaminosis

Answer 4

a condition resulting from lack of vitamin

Question 5

Hypervitaminosis

Answer 5

vitamin toxicity - excessive accumulation of vitamin

Question 6

Vitamin Malnutrition

Answer 6

too much or too little vitamin is not good for the health

Question 7

Vitamin-like compounds

Answer 7

physiological roles like vitamins

Question 8

Antivitamin or Vitamin Antagonists

Answer 8

substances that interfere with the normal functioning of a vitamin

Question 9

What is another name for Vitamin A?

Answer 9

Retinol

Question 10

(Vitamin A Function)
necessary component of visual purple _______ - light sensitive pigment in the retina enabling it to make adjustments to _______ and __________

Answer 10

• rhodopsin
• light
• darkness

Question 11

(Vitamin A Function)
responsible for proper synthesis and maintenance of ________ cells for skin integrity and internal ________ and growth and formation of tooth ________

Answer 11

• epithelial
• mucosa
• buds

Question 12

A deficiency of vitamin A can lead to

Answer 12

• night blindness
• Eye lesions
• retarded growth of the eye
• lower resistance to infection
• keratinization of epithelial lining
• phrynoderma

Question 13

What are the two types of eye lesions caused by Vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 13

• Bitot’s spot (mild) - lacrimal gland fails to function
• Xerophthalmia - abnormal dryness of conjuctiva and cornea

Question 14

What is phrynoderma?

Answer 14

skin lesions appear as dry and rough skin with popular eruptions

Question 15

Vitamin A toxicity can lead to

Answer 15

• violent headache
• thickening of the skin with peeling
• coarse sparse hair
• enlargement of spleen and liver

Question 16

Preformed vitamin A comes from

Answer 16

animal sources

Question 17

Precursors or provitamin A come from

Answer 17

green and yellow vegetables

Question 18

What is another name for Vitamin D?

Answer 18

Calciferol

Question 19

What is the function of vitamin D?

Answer 19

• absorbs calcium and phosphorus
• essential for normal growth and development of bones and teeth

Question 20

(Vitamin D deficiency)
What is tetany?

Answer 20

• abnormal muscle twitching, cramps, and sharp bilateral spasms of joints in wrists and ankles

Question 21

(Vitamin D deficiency)
How does it affect infants?

Answer 21

delayed closing of the fontanels and dentition

Question 22

(Vitamin D deficiency)
What is Rickets?

Answer 22

defective bones and retarded growth, bones become soft, fragile and deformed

Question 23

(Vitamin D deficiency)
What is adult rickets called?

Answer 23

osteomalacia

Question 24

Vitamin D toxicity can cause

Answer 24

• nausea and diarrhea
• polyuria
• demineralization of bones
• renal damage and uremia
• hypercalcemia

Question 25

What are some vitamin D sources?

Answer 25

• fatty fish like tuna, mackerel, and salmon
• dairy products
• beef liver
• egg yolks

Question 26

What is another name for Vitamin E?

Answer 26

Tocopherol

Question 27

(Vitamin E function)
enhances the activity of _______ _ by preventing its oxidation

Answer 27

vitamin A

Question 28

(Vitamin E function)
_________, prevents the formation of peroxides from polyunsaturated ______ _______

Answer 28

antioxidant; fatty acids

Question 29

A deficiency of vitamin E can cause

Answer 29

• hemolysis of RBC
• increased urinary excretion

Question 30

What are other names for vitamin K?

Answer 30

Phylloquinone and Menadione

Question 31

(Vitamin K function)
necessary for the maintenance of ________ level

Answer 31

prothrombin

Question 32

(Vitamin K function)
needed in the synthesis of _________

Answer 32

proconvertin

Question 33

(Vitamin K function)
needed for _________

Answer 33

phosphorylation