Fats Flashcards
Fats are _______
organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Fats constitute __ of the energy in the human body
34%
Fats provide a more ________________ compared to ________
concentrated source of energy, carbohydrates
What are triglycerides?
- fats and oils
- fatty acid esters of glycerol
What are lipids?
a class of fats and fat-related compounds
What is structural fat?
holds the body organs and nerves in position and protect them against shock and injury
What are simple lipids?
- neutral fats (true fats)
- chemical name triglycerides
What are compound lipids?
combinations of fats with other components
What are the three types of compound lipids?
- phospholipids
- glycolipids
- lipoproteins
Lecithins are the ________
most widely distributed phospholipids
Cephalins are __________
needed to form thromboplastin for the blood-clotting process
Sphingomyelins are ___________
found in the brain and other nerve tissues as components of the myelin sheath
What are components of nerve and cell membrane which play a vital role in fat transport?
Cerebrosides
What is made up of certain glucose, galactose, and a complex compound containing an amino sugar?
Gangliosides
Lipoproteins are primarily found in the _____
liver and cell organelle membranes, mitochondria and lysosomes
Lipoproteins contain _______
cholesterol, neutral fat and fatty acids
What are derived lipids?
- simple derivatives from digestion or other more complex products
- fat substances produced from fats, and fat compound during digestive breakdown
The basic structural unit of fat and is saturated or unsaturated in nature
Fatty acids
What are the three types of fatty acids?
- saturated fats
- monosaturated fatty acid (oleic acid most abundant)
- polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid most common)
What is glycerol?
- a derived lipid
- water-soluble component of triglycerides and is 10% of the fat
- breaks off in digestion for the formation of glucose
What are steroids?
- derived lipids
- complex fat-like compound found practically in all body tissues especially in the brain and nerve tissues
What percentage of fat is digested and absorbed?
95%
What are deposits of fat tissue that serve as continuing supply of energy?
adipose tissue
Fat is protein-sparing which ____________
reduces the need to burn protein for energy
How does fat maintain constant body temperature?
provides effective insulation underneath the skin
What are other functions of fats?
- cushions vital organs
- provides satiety and delays hunger
- contributes flavor and palatability to the diet
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K
How do lipids affect the cardiovascular system?
can raise blood cholesterol levels which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases
What are the benefits of monosaturated fats?
olive oil can lower the risk of heart disease
What are the benefits of omega 3 polyunsaturated fats?
can lower blood cholesterol and prevent heart disease
How do lipids affect cancer?
can not instigate cancer development but can promote it once it has risen
You should not consume more than _________ of cholesterol a day to prevent heart disease
200 milligrams
Cholesterol is only found in ________
animal products
Trans fats are _______
artifical fats
Trans fats are made by a chemical process called _________
partial hydrogenation
What are the health risks of trans fats?
- strips level of good cholesterol
- can add to the danger of cardiovascular disease
What are diseases associated with trans fats?
- Cancer
- Diabetes
- Liver toxicity
- Obesity
