Proteins Flashcards
What is the Greek word that protein is derived from?
protos - primary, ranking first, or occupying the first position
What is the first substance recognized as a vital part of a living tissue?
Protein
What are proteins?
- complex compounds of high molecular weights and structured in specific arrangements and numbers
- organic substances that upon digestion, yield amino acids
What are the three classifications of proteins?
- Simple proteins
- Compound proteins
- Derived proteins
Simple proteins are ______
those which yield only amino acids upon hydrolysis
Simple protein that is soluble in water and coagulated by heat
Albumin
Simple protein that is insoluble in water, soluble in dilute salt solution, and coagulated by heat
globulins
Simple protein that is insoluble in neutral solvents but soluble in weak acids and alkalis, CBH
Glutelins
Simple protein that is soluble in 70% to 80% alcohol but insoluble in absolute alcohol, water, and salt solutions
Prolamins
Simple protein that is insoluble in all neutral solvents and in dilute acids and alkalis
Albuminoids
Simple proteins that are basic polypeptides, soluble in water, but not CBH, and found in the nuclei of cells
Histones and protamines
What are compound proteins?
- conjugated proteins or proteids
- combination of simple proteins and some other protein substance called a prosthetic group
Compound protein that is a combination of simple proteins and nucleic acid
Nucleoproteins
Compound protein that is a combination of a protein and large quantities of complex
Microproteins and glycoproteins
Compound protein that has triglyceride or other lipids
Lipoproteins
Compound protein that has phosphoric acid joined in ester linkage found in casein of milk
Phosphoproteins
Compound protein with non protein pigment found in flavoproteins, hemoglobin, and cytochromes
Chromoproteins
Compound protein with metals attached
Metalloprotein
Derived proteins are ________
products formed in the various stages of hydrolysis of a protein molecule
Proteins are used in repairing _____________ caused by the continuous ___________ going on in the body
- worn-out body tissue proteins (anabolism)
- wear and tear (catabolism)
Proteins are used to _____________ by supplying the necessary amino acid building blocks
build new tissues
Proteins are a source of ___________, 1 g of protein contains _________
- heat energy
- 4 calories
Proteins are important in the maintenance of _______________ among the various body fluids
normal osmotic relations
What is the protein requirement of an adult?
0-9 g/kg BW
What is the protein requirement of children?
vary according to age and growth patterns
What is the protein requirement of pregnant women?
30 g over that of a non-pregnant woman
What is the protein requirement of lactating mothers?
an increase of 20 g
What is BV?
- Biological Value
- measures the effectiveness of protein quality in supporting the body’s needs
What is NPU?
- Net protein utlization
- measures how capably a protein is used in the body
What is PER?
- Protein efficiency ratio
- measures the increase in weight of a growing animal and compares it with the intake
What is PEM?
- Protein-Energy Malnutrition
- insufficiency of protein or energy or both
What is acute PEM?
occurs in children who are thin for their height
