Vitamins C and ADEK Flashcards
______
• Water soluble vitamins, must be taken daily through food or supplements
Vitamin C
______
• Controls infections and healing wounds – a powerful antioxidant that can neutralize harmful free radicals
Vitamin C
______
• Collagen maker- a fibrous protein in connective tissue that is weaved throughout various systems in the body
Vitamin C
______
• Produces several hormones and chemical messengers -used in the brain and nerves
Vitamin C
______
• Absorbs iron- needed to make red blood cells
Vitamin C
Forms of Vitamin C
______
• chemical name of Vitamin C
Ascorbic Acid
Forms of Vitamin C
______
• this term refers to the purest form of Vitamin C
Ascorbic Acid
Forms of Vitamin C
Ascorbic Acid
• The purest form is the ______ form because the natural vitamin occurs in food along with many other components
synthetic
Forms of Vitamin C
______
• Organic compound that occurs when ascorbic acid is oxidized.
Dehydrated Ascorbic Acid
Forms of Vitamin C
Dehydrated Ascorbic Acid
• When two hydrogen atoms are removed from the ascorbic acid compound when air is present, the new compound is dehydrogenized and is given the name ______ or ______.
dehydroascorbic acid, DHA
Forms of Vitamin C
Dehydrated Ascorbic Acid
• it is transported throughout the body and then converted back to ascorbic acid through a process called ______
reduction
______ affects several components of the human immune system
Vitamin C
e.g. ______ has been shown to stimulate both the production and function of leukocytes especially neutrophils, lymphocytes, and phagocytes.
vitamin C
______ increases the bioavailability of iron from foods by enhancing intestinal absorption of non-heme iron.
Vitamin C
non-heme iron is found in ______-based sources
plant
Excess in Vitamin C
• Vitamin C toxicity is very ______. Some people take high doses of vitamin C because it is an ______
rare, antioxidant
Excess in Vitamin C
• ______ and ______
• falsely elevated ______ readings
diarrhea, nausea, blood glucose
Relevance of Vitamin C in Dentistry:
Prevents Dental Caries
Contributes to Collagen Synthesis
Causes erosive tooth wear
Relevance of Vitamin C in Dentistry
Prevents Dental Caries
• Vit. C inhibits ______
Streptococcus mutans
Relevance of Vitamin C in Dentistry
Prevents Dental Caries
• ______ is a key bacterium linked to the development of dental caries
S. mutans
Relevance of Vitamin C in Dentistry
Contributes to Collagen Synthesis
• important protein for providing tooth ______, ______, and ______
structure, support, maintenance
Relevance of Vitamin C in Dentistry
Causes erosive tooth wear
• Tooth wear is associated with ______ fruits, juices, and chewable vit. C with a pH lower than the normal oral pH (<______)
acidic, 5.5
______
• are absorbed and transported by fat, excess vitamins are stored in the liver, and the body draws on stored vitamins when needed
ADEK Fat Soluble Vitamins
______
• large amounts can harm the body - people who take vitamin supplements are advised to use caution
ADEK Fat Soluble Vitamins
______
• helping the eyes adjust to light changes
Vitamin A (Retinol)
______
• important role in bone growth, tooth development, reproduction, cell division, gene expression, and regulation of the immune system
Vitamin A (Retinol)
______
• skin, eyes, and mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, throat, and lungs depend on vitamin A to remain moist
Vitamin A (Retinol)
______
• helps the body to absorb and retain calcium and phosphorus to ensure bone growth
V i t a m i n D
______
• can reduce cancer cell growth, help control infections and reduce inflammation
V i t a m i n D
V i t a m i n D Deficiency
______
• softening and weakening of bones in children
Rickets
V i t a m i n D Deficiency
______
• deficient mineralization at the cartilage of growth plates in children
Rickets
V i t a m i n D Deficiency
______
• bone softening in adults results in abnormal osteoid mineralization
Osteomalacia
V i t a m i n D Excesses
______
• An excess of vitamin D can cause abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia).
Hypervitaminosis D/ Vitamin D Toxicity
V i t a m i n D Excesses
______
• This can severely damage kidneys and bones over time.
Hypervitaminosis D/ Vitamin D Toxicity
______ is an essential hormone (______) for the absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus from the intestine, which is necessary for the appropriate mineralization of bones and teeth.
Vitamin D, secosteroid
______ as a promising oral health-protective agent, is said to lessen the incidence of caries and periodontitis.
Vitamin D
Unregulated levels of ______ has been linked with tooth decay, gingivitis, and tooth loss
vit D
______
• also known as tocopherol
Vitamin E
______
• benefits the body by acting as an antioxidant and protecting vitamins A and C, red blood cells, and essential fatty acids from destruction
Vitamin E
______
• powerful antioxidant
• protects cells from oxidation damage
• may reduce the risk of heart disease and some cancers
Vitamin E
Vitamin E Deficiency
______
• Nerve cells (neurons ) in the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) are particularly vulnerable to the damaging effects of free radicals and these cells die off when they are deprived of vitamin E.
Neuropathy
Vitamin E Deficiency
______
• Nerve cell damage can lead to problems with movement and other features of ataxia with vitamin E deficiency
Neuropathy
Vitamin E Deficiency
______
• low red blood cell count) in newborn infants
Mild anemia
Vitamin E Excesses
• Vitamin E obtained from food usually does not pose a risk for ______.
toxicity
Vitamin E Excesses
• Megadoses of supplemental vitamin E may pose a hazard to people taking blood-thinning medications such as ______ (also known as ______) and those on ______
Coumadin, warfarin, statin drugs
______ is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body develop and function properly
Vitamin K
There are two types of vitamin K, which come from different sources:
Vitamin K1 or phylloquinone
Vitamin K2 or menaquinone
There are two types of vitamin K, which come from different sources:
______
• more common type, found in plant foods, especially in green leafy vegetable
Vitamin K1 or phylloquinone
There are two types of vitamin K, which come from different sources:
______
• A less common type is found in some animals and fermented products
Vitamin K2 or menaquinone
Vitamin K
Functions
• One of vitamin K’s most important jobs is to make ______ of the ______ proteins needed for ______.
four, 13, blood clotting
Vitamin K
Functions
• Vitamin K strengthens your bones by helping make ______, which helps prevent low bone density. Some studies indicate that a higher daily intake of vitamin K reduces the risk of bone fractures and low bone density (______).
osteocalcin, osteopenia
______ deficiency is only considered clinically relevant when prothrombin time increases significantly due to a decrease in the prothrombin activity of blood
Vitamin K
bleeding and hemorrhage are the classic signs of ______ deficiency
vitamin K
______ deficiency could also reduce bone mineralization and contribute to osteoporosis
vitamin K
______
• can occur during the first few weeks of infancy due to low placental transfer of phylloquinone, low clotting factor levels, and low vitamin K content of breast milk.
Vitamin K Deficiency
When it comes to your oral health, signs such as tartar build-up and tooth decay can be an indicator that your body is lacking in vitamins ______, ______, ______, and ______.
A, D3, E, K2
______ play a significant effect on oral and general health where its imbalance leads to malnutrition.
Vitamins
The process of ______ allows one to extract the
greatest possible amount of nutrients and the number and distribution of teeth influence the chewing efficacy.
chewing
Vitamin deficiency prompted several non-specific oral conditions such as ______, ______ and ______. Glossitis with linear lesions was postulated to be an early sign of vitamin ______ paucity.
glossitis, stomatitis, mucosal ulceration, B12
______ deficiency leads to reduced bone density, osteoporosis, and, as consequence, to
the progression of periodontal disease.
Vitamin D
Sufficient levels of ______ might reduce the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis.
Vitamin D
In the developmental phases, ______ are strongly influenced by nutritional status and consequently to vitamin deficiency.
hard dental tissues
______
+ Vitamin D not only boosts our immunity, but it also helps the body absorb calcium while boosting bone mineral density. If enough vitamin D isn’t present in your body, a sign of calcium not absorbing properly is tartar build-up on the teeth.
VITAMIN D3
______
+ The vitamin is involved in laying down new cells, including bone cells, during growth and promoting healthy teeth. It keeps mucous membranes healthy, preventing dry mouth, and helps your mouth heal quickly.
VITAMIN A
______
+ Its main function is as an antioxidant and prevents cells from damage and premature aging. For your oral health, this acts as protection for your gums preventing you from bacteria-caused diseases like gingivitis.
VITAMIN E
______
+ It acts as a catalyst to support a chemical reaction regulating calcium disposition that is required to produce osteocalcin, a protein that supports bone strength. With regards to your teeth health and working conjointly with Vitamins A and D, osteocalcin stimulates the growth of new dentin.
VITAMIN K2
