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2A Nutrition in Dentistry Midterms > 2: Digestion, Absorbtion, & Metabolism > Flashcards

2: Digestion, Absorbtion, & Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

➢ The process by which foods are broken down into their nutrients

A

Digestion

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2
Q

✓ Chewing of food

A

Mechanical Digestion

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3
Q

✓ Churning actions of the stomach

A

Mechanical Digestion

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4
Q

✓ Peristalsis

A

Mechanical Digestion

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5
Q

✓ rhythmic contraction of the intestines

A

Peristalsis

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6
Q

✓ the movements break the food in smaller particles and mix the food with the digestive juices

A

Peristalsis

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7
Q

✓ continuously moves the food mass into the intestines

A

Peristalsis

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8
Q

✓ The action of enzymes as they break the food into simpler forms so it can be absorbed by the body enzymes

A

Chemical Digestion

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9
Q

➢ are substances that can cause chemical changes or breakdown of food

A

enzymes

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10
Q

➢ Specific in action; can act only on a certain food stop

A

enzymes

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11
Q

______ - vitamins and minerals produced by the body needed by the enzymes to actbody’s

A

Co-enzyme

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12
Q

✓ The process of absorbing nutrients into the body’s circulation for use.

A

Absorption

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13
Q

✓ involves all the chemical processes that take place in the body to
convert nutrients into energy or building blocks for cells and tissues.
It ultimately determines how the body uses the nutrients obtained from food.

A

Metabolism

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14
Q

Major Structures of the Digestive System:

A

LIVER
STOMACH
PANCREAS
SMALL INTESTINE
LARGE INTESTINE
RECTUM

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15
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Chewing begins the mechanical breakdown of food.

A

Mouth

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16
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Beginning chemical breakdown and digestion of carbohydrates.

A

Mouth

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17
Q

______ are the only nutrients “digested” in the mouth.

A

Carbohydrates

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18
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Churning action for mechanical breakdown of food.

A

Stomach

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19
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Limited chemical breakdown of proteins and fats.

A

Stomach

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20
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Further chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

A

Small Intestine

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21
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Absorption of most nutrients including vitamins and minerals.

A

Small Intestine

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22
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Absorption of additional vitamins.

A

Large Intestine

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23
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Absorption of water.

A

Large Intestine

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24
Q

Sites of Digestive Action

Site: ______
Digestive Action: Discharge of waste materials.

A

Large Intestine

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25
Q

Digestive Enzymes

Enzyme: ______
Acts Upon: Carbohydrates
Location: ______

A

Salivary amylase
Mouth

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26
Q

Digestive Enzymes

Enzyme: ______
Acts Upon: Proteins
Location: Gastric juice in stomach

A

Protease

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27
Q

Digestive Enzymes

Enzyme: ______
Acts Upon: Milk casein
Location: ______

A

Rennin
Gastric juice in stomach

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28
Q

Digestive Enzymes

Enzyme: ______
Acts Upon: Emulsified fats
Location: ______

A

Lipase
Gastric juice in stomach

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29
Q

Digestive Enzymes

Enzyme: ______
Acts Upon: Proteins
Location: Pancreatic juice in small intestine

A

Trypsin

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30
Q

Digestive Enzymes

Enzyme: ______
Acts Upon: Fats
Location: ______

A

Lipase
Pancreatic juice in small intestine

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31
Q

Digestive Enzymes

Enzyme: ______
Acts Upon: Starch
Location: ______

A

Amylase
Pancreatic juice in small intestine

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32
Q

Digestive Enzymes

Enzyme: ______
Acts Upon: Proteins
Location: Intestinal juice in small intestine

A

Peptidases

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33
Q

Digestive Enzymes

Enzyme: ______
Acts Upon: Sucrose
Location: ______

A

Sucrase
Intestinal juice in small intestine

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34
Q

Digestive Enzymes

Enzyme: ______
Acts Upon: Maltose
Location: ______

A

Maltase
Intestinal juice in small intestine

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35
Q

Digestive Enzymes

Enzyme: ______
Acts Upon: Lactose
Location: ______

A

Lactase
Intestinal juice in small intestine

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36
Q

Digestive Changes in the Mouth

MECHANICAL DIGESTION

▪ ______/______ - breaks the food into smaller pieces

A

Mastication, chewing

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37
Q

Digestive Changes in the Mouth

MECHANICAL DIGESTION

▪ ______ - the process of mixing food with the saliva

A

Insalivation

38
Q

Digestive Changes in the Mouth

CHEMICAL DIGESTION

______ - Enzymes found in the saliva

A

Salivary amylase

39
Q

Digestive Changes in the Mouth

CHEMICAL DIGESTION

______ - Acts only on carbohydrates

A

Salivary amylase

40
Q

Digestive Changes in the Mouth

CHEMICAL DIGESTION

______ - Breaks complex carbohydrates into simple sugar

A

Salivary amylase

41
Q

______ - Constantly flushes the mouth to clear food debris that may act as food supply in plaque

42
Q

______ - It reduces Ph (acidity) of the waste products produced by plaque. This limits the damage caused by acid attacks on tooth surfaces

43
Q

______ is the source of systemic fluorides and minerals needed for remineralization of damaged dental enamel

44
Q

When there is not an adequate supply of saliva because of illness, drugs, or radiation therapy, the decay rate ______ rapidly.

45
Q

Digestive Changes in the Stomach

______
• serves as a temporary storehouse of food.

46
Q

Digestive Changes in the Stomach

______
• brings out partial digestion of protein

47
Q

Digestive Changes in the Stomach

______
• prepares food for further digestion in the small intestine

48
Q

Digestive Changes in the Stomach

Mechanical Digestion
• Food is continually churned and mixed with gastric juices until it reaches a liquid consistency known as ______

49
Q

Digestive Changes in the Stomach

Mechanical Digestion
• Gastic juices contain ______

A

hydrochloric acid

50
Q

Digestive Changes in the Stomach

Mechanical Digestion
• ______ (protease, rennin, lipase and other substances)

51
Q

Digestive Changes in the Stomach

______ - It swells the protein so they can easily be attacked by enzymes

A

Hydrochloric Acid

52
Q

Digestive Changes in the Stomach

______ - It provides the acid medium necessary for the action of pepsin

A

Hydrochloric Acid

53
Q

Digestive Changes in the Stomach

______ - It increases the solubility of calcium and iron salts so they are absorbed more readily

A

Hydrochloric Acid

54
Q

Digestive Changes in the Stomach

______ - It reduces the activity of harmful bacterial that may have been present in the food

A

Hydrochloric Acid

55
Q

Digestive Changes in the Stomach

The enzyme ______ acts upon protein by splitting them into smaller molecules

56
Q

Digestive Changes in the Stomach

______ acts on casein (found in milk) and breaks it down to ______

A

Renin, calcium caseinate

57
Q

Digestive Changes in the Stomach

______ acts on emulsified fats such as cream and egg yolks

58
Q

Digestive Changes in the Stomach

______ - it changes fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

59
Q

Digestive Changes in the Stomach

Complete digestion of fats is in the ______

A

small intestines

60
Q

Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines

Chemical Digestion

______
• Essential for fat digestion

61
Q

Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines

Chemical Digestion

Bile is Manufactured in the ______, stored in the ______, and released directly into the ______

A

liver, gall bladder, small intestines

62
Q

Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines

Chemical Digestion

______ is the process of breaking down the bile into tiny globules to have greater contact with fat molecules

A

Emulsification

63
Q

Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines

______
• secreted by the pancreas

A

Pancreatic Juices

64
Q

Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines

Pancreatic Juices are released directly into the ______

A

small intestines

65
Q

Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines

Pancreatic Juices Contain ______

66
Q

Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines

______ – acts on protein by breaking it down and some amino acids

67
Q

Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines

______ - completes the digestion of fats

68
Q

Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines

______ – breaks carbohydrates down into maltose

69
Q

Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines

______
- produced in the intestines, contains additional protein and sugar-splitting enzymes

A

Intestinal Juices

70
Q

Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines

______ - complete the breakdown of proteins into amino acids

A

Peptidases

71
Q

Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines

______ - change the sucrose into glucose

72
Q

Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines

______ - acts on maltose molecule to yield glucose

73
Q

Digestive Changes in the Small Intestines

______ - breaks lactose into the simple sugars glucose and galactose

74
Q

The function of the large Intestines

______ is essentially completed

75
Q

The function of the large Intestines

Bacteria synthesize ______ and some of the vitamins of the ______ group.

A

Vit K, B-Complex

76
Q

The function of the large Intestines

______, ______, ______ and the ______ group are absorbed in the large intestines

A

Electrolytes, water, Vit K, B-complex

77
Q

The function of the large Intestines

Gradually intestinal contents take on ______ consistency

78
Q

The function of the large Intestines

______ contain fibers of food, a small amount of undigested, bile salts, cholesterol, mucus, bacteria, and broken down cellular waste

79
Q

The function of the large Intestines

Also eliminated are 20-70% of ingested ______, 80-85 % of ingested ______, and a considerable Amount of ______

A

calcium, iron, phosphates

80
Q

______ - Takes place after digestion in the small intestines

A

Absorption

81
Q

Absorption

Carbohydrates to ______ (glucose, fructose, galactose)

A

Monosaccharides

82
Q

Absorption

Fats to ______ and ______

A

Fatty acids, glycerides

83
Q

Absorption

Proteins to ______

A

Amino acids

84
Q

Absorption

Vitamins & ______

85
Q

When ______ is impaired, the body cannot properly utilize the nutrients that were eaten.

A

absorption

86
Q

______ - maintain balance between the building and breaking of tissue

A

Homeostasis and dynamic equilibrium

87
Q

______ is a term that describes all the changes that take place in the body

A

Metabolism

88
Q

______ - It is the processes that that are concerned with the use of nutrients absorbed into the blood following digestion

A

Metabolism

89
Q

______ is the speed and the efficiency of the body to convert the food into useful nutrients

A

Metabolic Rate

90
Q

______ – concerned with the conversion of the simple compounds derived from nutrients into substances that the body cells can use/e.g. formation of new bone

91
Q

______ involves the breaking down of the body tissues triggered by external stimulus.

A

Catabolism

92
Q

______ - The process where substances are converted into simpler compounds which releases energy necessary for the proper functioning of the body’s cells

A

Catabolism

2A Nutrition in Dentistry Midterms (6 decks)

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