PROTEIN FATS WATER Flashcards
______
• Repair worn-out or wasted tissues
P R O T E I N
______
• To build new tissues
P R O T E I N
______
• Use by the body in manufacturing hormones, enzymes, and antibodies
P R O T E I N
______
• Transport oxygen and nutrients in the blood
P R O T E I N
______
• Essential in the clotting of blood (______ is converted into ______ which is the main structural component of blood
P R O T E I N, fibrinogen, fibrin
______
• Are active in regulating osmotic pressure within the body fluids to maintain body circulation and water balance
P R O T E I N
______
• Normal parts of the body fluid except bile and urine
P R O T E I N
P R O T E I N
• ______ protein cannot be stored by the body, it requires a new supply daily
Dietary
P R O T E I N
• ______ protein may be burned to supply heat and energy to the body if the diet does not supply adequate calories from other sources
dietary
P R O T E I N
• ______ (Protein– Calorie Malnutrition is a nutritional disease caused by inadequate intake of protein
Kwashiorkor
P R O T E I N
• ______ is a type of nutrition deficiency disorder caused by severe
protein deficiency, while ______ is a type of nutrition deficiency disorder caused by severe malnutrition
Kwashiorkor, marasmus
P R O T E I N
• Too much protein in the diet puts strain on the ______ and ______ which
process the excess
liver, kidneys
P R O T E I N
• it increases the ______ excretion of ______, which in turn reduces the amount of calcium available for use by the body
urinary, calcium
P R O T E I N
______
• Are building blocks of protein
Amino Acids
P R O T E I N
______
• The fundamental structural units of protein
Amino Acids
P R O T E I N
Amino Acids
• ______ of the known amino acids are required for the synthesis of tissue protein
22
P R O T E I N
Amino Acids
• The body can synthesize the majority of these amino acids or obtain them from the ______
diet
P R O T E I N
Amino Acids
• Some amino acids can not be synthesized in amounts adequate for ______ needs
metabolic
P R O T E I N
______
• Are needed but can be synthesized by the body in adequate quantities
Non-essential Amino Acids
P R O T E I N
______
• Are needed but not synthesized by the body
Essential Amino Acids
P R O T E I N
Foods that contain all 8 of the essential amino acids are known as ______.
complete proteins
P R O T E I N
______ are found mostly in meat and dairy products.
Complete proteins
P R O T E I N
______ is the only complete protein that comes from a plant source.
Soy protein
P R O T E I N
Other proteins, called ______, must be eaten in combination with each other to make complete proteins. For example, beans are often eaten with ______ to make a complete protein.
incomplete proteins, corn tortillas
P R O T E I N
______
• Is a food protein that contains all the essential amino acids in significant amounts and proportions fairly similar to those found in the body protein
Complete Protein
P R O T E I N
______
• Can supply the needs of the body for maintenance, repair, and growth
Complete Protein
P R O T E I N
______
• Derived from animals such as meat, fish, eggs, milk, and cheese
Complete Protein
P R O T E I N
______
• a protein lacking one or more of the essential amino acids or supplying little essential amino acid to support health
Incomplete Protein
P R O T E I N
______
• Are derived from plant foods, such as grains, peas, nuts, beans, and vegetable
Incomplete Protein
P R O T E I N
______
• Are incomplete proteins from different sources that work together to supply missing or incomplete amino acids
Complementary Proteins
P R O T E I N
Complementary Proteins
• Pairing of complementary incomplete proteins enables the proteins to function as effectively as a ______
e.g. ______ + ______
complete protein, Corn, Beans
______
• Are normal structural components of every cell all and every membrane within the cells
FATS
______
• They carry and facilitate the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.
FATS
______
• They provide essential fatty acids
FATS
______
• Help maintain body temperature, by insulating against cold
FATS
______
• Act as a cushioning mechanism for protecting vital organs such as kidneys and reproductive organs
FATS
FATS
• Deficiency in body fat woman’s ______ and ______ are disrupted
sex hormone balance, menstrual cycle
______
• Provides a large amount of energy in small amount of food
FATS
______
• They give a feeling of satiety because they stay in the stomach longer than protein, and carbohydrates, and digest relatively slowly in the intestines
FATS
FATS
• No ______ are recommended because fats are contained in the other food group
daily servings
______
• cause heart disease and other health problems
FATS
FATS
Dietary Fats:
Triglycerides
Fatty acids
FATS
Dietary Fats
______
• 95% of dietary fat consists of complex molecules which in turn make up smaller substances called ______
Triglycerides, fatty acids
FATS
Dietary Fats
______
• are the main constituents of natural fats and oils, and high concentrations in the blood indicate an elevated risk of stroke.
Triglycerides
FATS
Dietary Fats
______
• Glycerol + Fatty acid chains made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
Fatty acids
FATS
Dietary Fats
Fatty acids
• ______ – have a full complement of hydrogen atoms
Saturated fats
FATS
Dietary Fats
Fatty acids
• ______ - are short some hydrogen atoms along their fatty acid chains
Unsaturated fats
FATS
Dietary Fats (Fatty acids)
______
• Increase the amount of cholesterol in the blood and are not an essential part of the diet
Saturated Fats
FATS
Dietary Fats (Fatty acids)
Saturated Fats
• Saturated fat hardens at ______
room temperature
FATS
Dietary Fats (Fatty acids)
______
• Come primarily from animal food product such as butter, whole milk, luncheon meats and fatty meats
Saturated Fats
FATS
Dietary Fats (Fatty acids)
Saturated Fats
• ______ and ______ are examples of saturated fats found in plants
Palm oil, coconut oil
FATS
Dietary Fats (Fatty acids)
______
• Also found in microwave popcorn, nondairy creamers, and granola type cereals
Saturated Fats
FATS
Dietary Fats (Fatty acids)
Unsaturated fats:
Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated
FATS
Dietary Fats (Fatty acids)
Unsaturated fats
______
• Have a neutral or slightly beneficial effect on blood cholesterol
Monounsaturated
FATS
Dietary Fats (Fatty acids)
Unsaturated fats
______
• Olive oil, peanut oil and canola oil
Monounsaturated
FATS
Dietary Fats (Fatty acids)
Unsaturated fats
Polyunsaturated
• Oils high in polyunsaturated fats tend to ______ the serum cholesterol level
lower
FATS
Dietary Fats (Fatty acids)
Unsaturated fats
______
• Corn oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil; safflower oil, and soybeans oil
Safflower, canola plant, cottonseed
Polyunsaturated
FATS
______ is the process whereby oils are changed into solid fats at room temperature
Hydrogenation
FATS
Hydrogenated Oils
• To solidify oils, hydrogen atoms are forced into the ______.
unsaturated fatty acid chains
FATS
Hydrogenated Oils
• ______, is a type of unsaturated fatty acid that can be produced by partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils.
Trans-fatty acid /Trans fat
FATS
______
• Are polyunsaturated fatty acids required by the body
Essential Fatty Acids
FATS
Essential Fatty Acids
• ______ and ______ are essential fatty acids needed by the body for normal growth and healthy skin
Linoleic, arachidonic
FATS
______
• They play a role in reducing cholesterol in the blood
Essential Fatty Acids
FATS
Essential Fatty Acids
• ______ is necessary for the body to utilize fats properly
Linoleic acid
W AT E R
• Chemical reactions between substances take place only when they are in a ______
solution
W AT E R
• Water promotes body processes by acting as a ______, thereby making chemical reactions possible
solvent
W AT E R
• Helps build tissue- bone is ______ water; muscle is ______; the whole blood is ______ water
1/3, 2/3, 4/5
______
• Helps regulate temperature by transporting heat from one part to another
W AT E R
W AT E R
• Water evaporated from the ______ and ______ rids of the body of excess heat
skin, lungs
W AT E R
• The preservation of body fluid balance depends on the ______ and the ______
thirst stimulus, renal compensatory mechanism
W AT E R
• The distribution of water inside and outside the cells depends on adequate ______ and balanced ______ intake
protein, mineral
W AT E R
• ______ and ______ are the minerals primarily responsible for water balance
Sodium, potassium
W AT E R
• Coffee, tea, and alcohol are ______ - cause water to be excreted by the kidneys
diuretics
W AT E R
• ______ means the loss of water from the body.
Dehydration
W AT E R
• Continues or severe dehydration can be ______
fatal
W AT E R
• ______ are substances that have a natural positive or negative electrical charge when dissolved in water.
Electrolytes
W AT E R
• An adult’s body is about ______% water, which means nearly every fluid and cell in your body contains ______. They help your body regulate chemical reactions, maintain the balance between fluids inside and outside your cells, and other functions
60, electrolytes
