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Things I'd Like to Know > Vitamins and their deficiencies > Flashcards

Vitamins and their deficiencies Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A - Name and Function

A

Retinol

  • Antioxidant
  • Visual pigment component
  • epithelial specialization (prevents squamous metaplasia)
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2
Q

Vitamin A Deficiency - S/S (5)

A
  • Night blindness (nyctalopia)
  • Dry, scaly skin
  • Corneal degeneration
  • Bitot spots on conjunctiva
  • Immunosuppression
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3
Q

Vitamin A Toxicity (Acute, Chronic, Teratogenic)

A

Acute: N/V, vertigo, blurred vision

Chronic: Alopecia, dry scaly skin, hepatomegaly, arthralgia, pseudotumor cerebri (↑ICP)

Teratogenic: cleft palate + cardiac abnormalities

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4
Q

Vitamin B1 - Name and Function

A

Thiamine = dehydrogenase (dh) cofactor for:

  • pyruvate dh (glycolysis/TCA link)
  • α-ketoglutarate dh (TCA cycle)
  • transketolase (HMP shunt)
  • branched-chain ketoacid dh
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5
Q

Vitamin B1 Deficiency - S/S (general) and Dx

A

Impaired glucose metabolism => ATP depletion worsened by glucose infusion (brain, heart affected first)
Dx w/ ↑ RBC transketolase activity upon repletion

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6
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome - Cause + S/S (classic 3 + some)

A

B1 (Thiamine) deficiency (malnutrition, EtOHism)

  • confusion
  • opthalmoplegia (extraoccular muscle weakness/paralysis)
  • ataxia
  • confabulation, personality change, permanent memory loss
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7
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome - which part of brain?

A
  • medial dorsal nucleus (thalamus)

- mammillary bodies

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8
Q

Beriberi - Cause and S/S (2+2)

A

B1 (Thiamine) deficiency (malnutrition, EtOHism)
Dry: polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting
Wet: high-output cardiac failure (dilated CM), edema

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9
Q

Vitamin B2 - Name and Function

A

Riboflavin

component of FAD and FMN (redox reaction cofactors)

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10
Q

Vitamin B2 Deficiency - S/S (2)

A

Cheilosis (lip inflammation + scaling/fissures @ mouth corners)
Corneal vascularization

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11
Q

Vitamin B3 - Name and Function

A

Niacin

component of NAD+ and NADP+

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12
Q

Vitamin B3 - Derived from what?

A

Tryptophan with B2 + B6 required for synthesis

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13
Q

Vitamin B3 - Used medically for…

A

dyslipidemia (↑HDL and ↓VLDL)

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14
Q

Vitamin B3 Deficiency - Causes

A

Hartnum Dz = impaired tryptophan absorption
Malignant carcinoid syndrome (↑ tryptophan metabolism)
Isoniazid (↓B6)

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15
Q

Pellagra - Cause + S/S (5)

A

Severe B3 (niacin) deficiency

  • glossitis
  • Diarrhea
  • Dementia/hallucinations
  • Dermatitis (C3/C4 dermatome = “broad collar” or “Casal necklace”)
  • hyperpigmentation of sun-exposed limbs
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16
Q

Vitamin B3 Excess - S/S (3)

A
  • flushing (PG, no histamine => aspirin prevents)
  • hyperglycemia
  • hyperuricemia
17
Q

Vitamin B5 - Name + Function

A

Pantothenic Acid

-Component of CoA and fatty acid synthase

18
Q

Vitamin B5 deficiency S/S (4)

A
  • Allopecia
  • Adrenal insufficiency
  • Dermatitis
  • Enteritis
19
Q

Vitamin B6 - Name + Function

A

Pyridoxine

  • Converted to PLP, a transamination, decarboxylation, and glycogen phosphorylase cofactor
  • Synthesis of: cystathionine, heme, niacin, and neurotransmitter
20
Q

Vitamin B6 Deficiency - S/S (4)

A
  • Irritability
  • Sideroblastic anemia (impaired heme synthesis + Fe excess)
  • Convulsions
  • Peripheral neuropathy
21
Q

Vitamin B6 Deficiency - Cause

A

Isoniazid and OCP’s

22
Q

Vitamin B9 - Name and Function

A

Folate

-Converted to THF = coenzyme for methyl transfer rxn’s (nitrogenous base synthesis for RNA/DNA)

23
Q

Folate absorbed in the…

A

Jejunum

24
Q

Vitamin B9 Deficiency - S/S (3)

A
  • Macrocytic anemia
  • Hypersegmented PMN’s
  • Glossitis
25
Q

Folate Deficiency Findings (compared to B12 deficiency)

A
  • no neuro Sx

- normal methylmalonic acid

26
Q

Drug causes of folate deficiency (3)

A
  • Phenytoin
  • Sulfonamides
  • Methotrexate
27
Q

Vitamin B12 - Name + Function

A

Cobalamin

-Cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase

28
Q

Vitamin B12 Deficiency - S/S (4)

A
  • Macrocytic anemia
  • Hypersegmented PMN’s
  • Parasthesias
  • Subacute combined degeneration (spinal cord, 2/2 abnormal myelin)
29
Q

B12 Deficiency Findings (compared to folate deficiency)

A

-elevated methylmalonic acid

30
Q

B12 absorption details

A

IF secreted by parietal cells in stomach

IF binds B12 and complex absorbed in the terminal ileum

Things I'd Like to Know (8 decks)

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