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Biochemistry Block 3 > Vitamins and Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of calcium

A

Essential
• Coagulation
• Muscle and nerve function
• Energy metabolism

Structural
• Hydroxyapetite
• Role in bone remodling

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2
Q

Deficiency of Calcium

A

• Osteopenia (bone density dec)
• Osteoporosis (bone mass dec)
Also see kyphosis

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3
Q

Functions of Phosphorous

A 
• Part of buffer system
• Part of DNA and RNA
• Energy metabolism
• Transport lipids in blood
Component of membranes
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4
Q

Deficiency of Phosphorous

A

Rare

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5
Q

Overdose of Phosphorous

A

• Hyperphosphatemia
• Calcification of non skeletal tissue
Seen with kidney problems and seen a lot with kids replacing milk with soda

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6
Q

Functions of Sodium

A

• BP regulation
• Fuid balance
Nerve impulse and muscle contraction

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7
Q

Overdose of sodium

A

Hypertension and heart disease

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8
Q

Deficiency of sodium

A

seizures and coma below 125mm or less

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9
Q

Where do you get iron and in what form? which is readily absorbed

A

Meat-in form of heme (readily absorbed)

Plants- non heme (not readily)

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10
Q

What increases and decreases iron absorption

A

Inc: Vitamin C; meat factor
Dec: phyates; polyphenos

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11
Q

Functions of Iron

A 
O2 caryying moleules
Hemoglobin myoglobin
DNA synth
immunity
cognnitive development
temp regulation
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12
Q

IN what state is iron absorbed

A

Fe2 ferrous

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13
Q

what oxdized iron

A

Fe3+ ferric state by ceruloplasmin

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14
Q

What carries iron

A

apotransferrin (called transferin together)

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15
Q

What stores iron

A

apoferritin (ferritin together)

Hemosiderin in excess

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16
Q

Who is at high risk for iron deficiency

A

growth

infants
pregnant women
puberty

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17
Q

Iron deficiency

A

microcytic hypochromic rbc
glossitis
koilonchyia
fatigue

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18
Q

Iron overload

A

hemochromatosis

iron accumulation in tissue

more in men

liver fibrosis an cirrhosis carcinoma

dec pancreatic function diabetes

Sking bronzing

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19
Q

How diagnose hemochromotosis

A

serum ferritin levels

treat monlthy phlebotomy

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20
Q

Iodine roles

A

part of thyroid hormones

reg body temp,
 metabolic rate,
repro
growth
rbc production
nerve and muscle function
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21
Q

Iodine overdose

A

goiter

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22
Q

Iodine deficiency

A

goiter

23
Q

Zinc roles

A

Gene expression (zinc finger)
immune function
cell growth
cofactor

24
Q

Zinc deficiency

A

skin irritations
diarrhea
delayed growth and sex mat
can have as a result of liver or kidney disease

Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Dec zinc absorp

25
Q

Zinc toxcitiy

A

from supplementation

nausea vomiting pain cramps diarrhea

26
Q

Thiamine B1 role

A

Metabolism as TPP

27
Q

Deficincy B1 thiamine

A

beriberi

wet: dilated cardiomyopathy edema
dry: polyneuritis, muscle wasting

Wernike korsakoff synd
confusion. opthalmoplegia
ataxia, psych changes

28
Q

Overdose of B1 thiamne

A

Headache, irreg heart beat, low BP

29
Q

Roles of Niacin (B3)

A

Role as NAD and NADP

redox reactions in atp prod

synth of fatty acids cholest, steroids, dna

metabolism of vit c and folate

30
Q

Deficiency of Niacin

A

Pellagra
Derm dementia diarrhea
HARTNUP CAN MIMIC DEICIENCY

31
Q

overdose of niacin

A

flushed skin rashes liver damage

from supp

32
Q

Role B6 pyridoxal

A

Coenzyme PLP

synth nonessen aa

prod of non protein substances

33
Q

Deficiency of B6

A

Microcytic hypochromic anemia

confusion and neuro symptomes

34
Q

Toxicity of B6

A

from supps

nerve damage

35
Q

Folate B9 role

A

Single carbon transfers
Formation of DNA and RNA
AA metabolism

36
Q

Deficiency of Folate B9

A

Pregnancy neural tube defectss

megaloblastic macrocytic anemia

37
Q

B12 cobalmin role

A

Atp production

aa metabolism

38
Q

Deficiency b12

A

primary rare except in vegans and vegita

secondary caused by
loss of intrinsic factor
bariatric surgery
acid reducing drugs

causes megaloblastic macroxytic anemia
and nerve damage
LOSS OF INTRINSIC FACTOR CALLED IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

NERVE DAMAGE DIFFERENTIATES FOLATE AND B12

39
Q

Vitamin C role

A

antioxidant
humans cant synth
Cofactor in collagen form
Cofactor in others

40
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy

rare but in alcoholics

41
Q

Types of Vitamin A

A

Retinol Retinoic acid and retinal

CAN ACT AS STEROID HORMONES

42
Q

Major roles of Vitamin A

A

Vision
protein synth
repro/growth
reg of gene expression

43
Q

What is the roll of caretenoids

A

can be covnerted to vitamin A (beta carotene)

can be nonprovitamen (lycopene zeaxanthin lutein)
which have antiox effect

44
Q

What is deficiency of Vit A

A

night blindness xerophtalmia hyperkeratosis imaired immunity

secondary from alcoholism and cystic fibrosis

45
Q

Toxicity of Vitamin A

A

Hypervitaminosis A
Birth defects
Blured vision liver issues and red bone stength

46
Q

Toxicity of cartenoids

A

lung cancer and hypercarotenodermia

47
Q

Vitamin D Role

A 
Non essential
Blood pressure reg
muscle contraction
nerve function
cell differentiation
48
Q

Deficiency vit D

A

Rickets (children)

Osteomalacia and osteoporosis (adults)

49
Q

Where is Vit d made

A

Calcidiol in liver calcitriol in kidney

50
Q

What is the vitamin e active in body

A

alpha tocopherol

rich in oils nuts and eggs

51
Q

Role of vitaminE

A

antioxidant
IF ISOPROSTANE LEVELS ARE HIGH MEASURE VITAMIN E
heart disease and protection of LDLS/ cell membranes

52
Q

VItamin K role

A

Blood clottin

metabolims of bone proteins

53
Q

Deficiency of Vitamin K

A

hemorage
osteoporosis
rare but in neonates

54
Q

How does warfarin interfere with vitamin K

A

Warfarin blocks the reduction of vitmin k (recycling of it)

Biochemistry Block 3 (7 decks)

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