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GO OVER THESE > VITAMINS > Flashcards

VITAMINS Flashcards

1
Q

B1

A

Thiamine

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2
Q

B2

A

Riboflavin

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3
Q

B3

A

Niacin (nicotinic acid)

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4
Q

B5

A

Pantothenic acid

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5
Q

B6

A

Pyridoxine, PLP

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6
Q

B7

A

Biotin (vitamin H)

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7
Q

B9

A

Folic acid/folate

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8
Q

B12

A

Cobalamin

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9
Q

B1 is a coenzyme for what reactions? Very important for which 2 enzymes?

A
  • coenzyme for decarboxylation (dehydrogenation) reactions

- very important for pyruvate decarboxylase and alpha keto glutarate dehydrogenase

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10
Q

B1 deficiency

A

Beriberi

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11
Q

What is B2 a coenzyme to make what 2 things?

A

FAD and FMN

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12
Q

B2 deficiency leads to what 2 things?

A

Angular chelitis and magenta tongue

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13
Q

B3 is a coenzyme for which 2 things? Important for which 3 steps of metabolism?

A

NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADP

- important for glycolysis, TCA, and beta oxidation

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14
Q

What do you get with a deficiency in B3?

A

Pellagra

- 3D’s of pellagara = dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia

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15
Q

What is B3 made from?

A

Tryptophan

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16
Q

What does B5 help make? Which is important for the formation of what 2 things?

A

Coenzyme A

Acetyl CoA and malonyl CoA

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17
Q

B6 is important in which type of reactions?

A

Transamination

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18
Q

B6 deficiency can lead to what 2 things?

A

Dermatitis and peripheral neuropathy

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19
Q

B7 is an coenzyme for which 2 things? Supplied by what?

A

Carboxylase enzyme and FA synthesis

Supplied by intestinal bacteria

20
Q

What blocks B7?

A

Avidin

21
Q

B9 is important in synthesis of what 2 things? What does it transfer?

A

Tetrahydrofolic acid

  • important in synthesis of purines and pyrimidines
  • it transfers single carbon fragments/moieties
22
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Look like PABA and cause competitive inhibition of folic acid synthesis — so you cannot make purines or pyrimidines

23
Q

Deficiency in B9 results in what?

A

Megaloblastic anemia

- folate is from foliage (mushrooms, green vegetables) — missing from steak, eggs, white bread, milk

24
Q

What is required to absorb B12? What is it secreted from?

A

Intrinsic factor is required to absorb B12, it is secreted from parietal cells found in the fundic portion of the stomach

25
Q

What does a deficiency in B12 lead to?

A

Pernicious anemia

26
Q

What are your fat soluble vitamins?

A

ADEK

27
Q

What are your water soluble vitamins?

A

B and C

28
Q

What is vitamin A?

A

Retinol

29
Q

What does vitamin A promote?

A

Epithelial cell differentiation

Rhodopsin

30
Q

What are 3 problems that occur with a deficiency in vitamin A?

A

Enamel hypoplasia and night blindness (because no rhodopsin)

Squamous metaplasia

31
Q

What is another name for vitamin D? What does vitamin D help with?

A

Cholecalciferol (D3)

- helps with intestinal absorption of calcium magnesium and phosphate

32
Q

Where do you get vitamin D from?

A

Skin, liver, kidney

33
Q

What does vitamin D deficiency result in kids? Adults?

A 
Kids = rickets
Adults = osteomalacia
34
Q

What are the 3 alternative names for vitamin D?

A

Ergocalciferol (D2), cholecalciferol (D3), and 1,2 dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol)

35
Q

What is the biologically active form of vitamin D?

A

1,2 dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol)

36
Q

Where is 1,2 dihydroxycholecalciferol made?

A

Kidney

37
Q

Is calcitriol a vitamin, hormone, or both? Explain

A

Both

- because it can bind to a nuclear receptor (aka vitamin D receptor) to produce effects

38
Q

What is vitamin E?

A

Tocopherol

39
Q

What is vitamin E function?

A

Antioxidant prevents free radicals

40
Q

What is vitamin K needed for? Required for synthesis of what?What inhibits it? Where is vitamin K made?

A
  • need for clotting, required for the synthesis of prothrombin
  • warfarin inhibits it —> inhibits clotting
  • made by intestinal bacteria, so broad spectrum antibiotic can cause a vitamin K deficiency
41
Q

What does warfarin inhibit?

A

Vitamin K reductase

42
Q

Vitamin C

A

Ascorbic acid

43
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Small baby with distended belly

  • results from a protein deficient MEAL
  • malabsorption, edema, anemia, liver (fatty)
44
Q

Marasmus

A

Protein AND calorie malnutrition resulting in tissue wasting

45
Q

What can high doses of niacin treat?

A

HYPERlipidemia

46
Q

Vitamin E deficiency results in which 2 problems?

A

Neurological syndrome (areflexia) and hemolytic anemia

47
Q

B5 deficiency results in what problem?

A

Burning foot syndrome

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